问题 单项选择题

明末清初著名思想家顾炎武在《日知录》中说:“有亡国,有亡天下……易姓改号,谓之亡国。仁义充塞,而至于率兽食人,人将相食,谓之亡天下……保国者,其君其臣肉食者谋之。保天下者,匹夫之贱,与有责焉耳矣”。下列历史事件中符合“亡天下”含义的是:()

A.1937年的七七事变

B.1912年的清朝建立

C.1927年,北洋军阀基本被消灭

D.1644年的明朝灭亡

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

按照顾炎武的说法,国属于一家一姓,天下属于百姓。明清灭亡属于顾炎武说得“亡国”,即朝代更替;1931年九一八事变还没发展到亡天下的地步,1937年的七七事变则使中 * * 面临重大民族危机。

考点:明清进步思潮

点评:此题实际上考查的是顾炎武的思想主张。明清时期进步的思想家提出了反对宋明理学、反对君主专制的要求,主张发展工商业等主张,被称为进步思潮。与此相关的知识点如明清之际进步思潮出现的背景、主要内容实质等也需要掌握。

解答题
单项选择题

阅读理解:请根据短文内容,为每题确定l个最佳选项。

A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer。

Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years,found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading.They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

B.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women.

C.The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

D.Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women