问题 名词解释

焚书坑儒

答案

参考答案:

秦始皇统一六国后,为统治思想文化而制造的两起重大事件。秦始皇三十四年(前213)。博士淳于越奏请按照殷周之制分封子弟功臣,丞相李斯驳斥其议,以“诸生不师今而学古,以非当世霍乱黔首”为由,提出禁止私学和焚书的建议,得到秦始皇认可。所焚之书包括秦统一前的列国史记和民间所藏《诗》、《书》、百家语。秦国史记、博士官收藏的图书和民间医学、卜筮、种树等技术之书则不在焚烧之列。令下三十日不烧者黥为城旦。同时宣布,有敢偶语《诗》、《书》者弃市,以古分今者族,吏见知不举者与同罪。焚书次年,又发生坑儒事件,其起因是方士侯生、卢生无法为秦始皇寻觅仙草,以秦始皇贪于权势、专用刑罚为由,相约逃亡。秦始皇闻讯,下令穷究。受到株连的儒生四百多人皆被活埋于咸阳。秦始皇长子扶苏谏劝,亦被遣至上郡监军。“坑儒”激起广大儒生不满和反抗。陈胜、吴广起义时,孔子的后裔孔鲋即抱礼器投奔义军。焚书坑儒体现了秦政的暴虐,严重摧残了思想文化的发展。

多项选择题
阅读理解

The smell of fresh air is becoming something of a distant memory, thanks to our increasing use of fragrance (香气). From air fresheners to scented (有香味的) candles, we live in a world of scent.

Recent figures show seven in ten people use air fresheners or scented candles to keep our homes smelling sweet. Yet recent records suggest that perfumed products could affect our health, causing problems including allergies (过敏), headaches and asthma (哮喘) .

One leading expert believes nearly a third of people suffer health effects from being exposed to scents. A major problem is so-called “contact” allergy—where perfumes and scented products cause eczema (湿疹) when they come into contact with the skin. About one in 20 is thought to be affected by fragrance allergy.

“Often it may not be immediately obvious that you have developed a fragrance allergy,” says Dr. Baron. “You don’t react immediately. Gradually, as you are exposed more and more, the body increases its reaction, until it becomes noticeable to you.”

People with pre-existing eczema are particularly vulnerable (易受影响). “The eczema worsens in areas in contact with perfumes,” says Dr. Baron. “But even those without allergies can be at risk of fragrance allergy.” You can become suddenly allergic to perfumes and personal care products that you have been using for years. “Even if you know which fragrance causes a problem, it can be difficult to avoid, as most personal care products –soap, shampoo, sun cream and washing powder—contain fragrances,” says Dr. Baron.

And strong scents can also cause headaches. Fragrances activate the nose’s nerve cells, stimulating the nerve system associated with head pain. To minimize risk, sufferers are advised to minimize the contact.

“Fragrance suggest cleanliness – yet people are smelling a potentially dangerous chemical mixture,” says Anne Steinemann, professor of the University of Washington. “We often use them to mask one problem – as with air fresheners – but create a greater one – adding poisonous chemicals to the air.”

小题1:What is the text mainly about?

A.The world trend of using fragrance.

B.The benefits of using non-fragranced products.

C.The health problems caused by fragrance

D.The ways of removing allergy.小题2:According to Dr. Baron,            .

A.our bodies have an immediate reaction to fragrance.

B.seven in ten have suffered fragrance allergy.

C.fragrance can affect people who don’t have allergy

D.people can avoid contacting with fragrance easily小题3:Which of the following questions does the text NOT answer?

A.Which products contain fragrance?

B.What’s the influence of fragrance in the air?

C.What are the air fresheners made up of?

D.How are headaches caused by fragrance?小题4:The following paragraph might discuss            .

A.the asthma caused by strong scents.

B.people’s efforts to protect fresh air.

C.the methods of curing eczema

D.the bad effects of air fresheners.