问题 问答题 案例分析题

经济全球化指世界各国、各地区通过密切的经济交往与合作,在经济上相互联系、相互竞争和制约达到了很高的程度,全球经济形成了一个有机整体。

材料一:美国经济战略学会会长、亚洲问题和全球化问题专家克莱德·帕雷斯托维兹曾写道:“1497年葡萄牙的达·伽马率领船队远航,到达印度的卡里库特,从此开始了第一次全球化过程,欧洲国家竞相运用他们优越的技术手段创造了遍及金世界的帝国。随着重建欧洲和日本的马歇尔计划和道奇计划的实行,国际货币基金组织、世界银行和世贸组织的建立,由美国主导的第二次全球化开始了。”

——孙培钧《中印合作共创亚洲新世纪》

材料二:经济全球化的开端是国际货币基金组织等国际组织的建立……成立后,国际货币基金组织开始推动市场经济、自由贸易和高增长率。

——(美)杰里·本特利《新全球史》

材料三:国际分工是物质前提,国际贸易是先导,资本国际化是重要的推动力,跨国公司是主导力量……这些均属于技术层面的因素,是经济全球化的必要条件;而计划经济国家市场化的体制转型,显然归属于制度的层面,是经济全球化真正得以实现的基础性因素,是经济全球化的必要充分条件。

——吴树青《重新审视经济全球化》

根据材料一和材料二结合所学知识分析国际货币基金组织是如何“开始推动市场经济、自由贸易和高增长率”的?

答案

参考答案:

国际货币基金组织采取措施稳定国际汇兑,协助建立多边支付制度;通过提供短期贷款实现成员国国际收支平衡来稳定世界经济秩序,扩大世界贸易。国际货币基金组织与关贸总协定、世界银行构成调整世界经济贸易和金融的三大支柱.它适应了经济全球化发展的趋势.推动了世界经济的发展。

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根据短文内容,从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余项。
A.Not allow weaknesses to limit one's possibilities.
B. An example of a successful person.
C. Overcome one's significant limitation.
D. The interaction between one's strengths and weaknesses.
E. Many successful people with weaknesses.
F. The power of weakness.
1.________
     We all have weaknesses and strengths-no matter who we are. Sometimes the weaknesses seem to
outweigh the strengths and sometimes it's the other way around. Some people get sick easily. Some
struggle to manage their finances properly. Some people are hopeless communicators and struggle with
relationships.
2. ________
     Many people leave it and accept it as just bad luck-but not everyone. Some people facing huge
limitations still manage to achieve tremendous things. They rise above their weaknesses and do not allow
them to limit their possibilities.
3. ________
     I attended a school prizegiving ceremony not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew
Becroft, who had a severe stutter(结巴) as a child. Instead of allowing this to limit him, he chose to work
hard to overcome it. He is now the Principal Youth Court Judge for New Zealand. Not only did he
become successful, but he did so in a profession where he had to speak in front of others
regularly -where his weakness is front and center for all to see. If he hadn't worked on his speaking
ability, it would have been very limiting to his life and career prospects.
4. ________
     You can find similar people on New Zealand News channels, and I suspect the same in other
countries. There are a number of presenters and reporters who have a noticeably unusual manner of
speaking. Perhaps they have a lisp(咬舌), or they have a strange accent or pitch of voice. These people
have succeeded in spite of what would be appear to be a weakness in their profession.
5. ________
     Lots of people face far more significant limitations than you do. They may be missing limbs or are born
into extreme poverty. But no matter what the limitation, you will always find people who have overcome
it.