问题 单项选择题

保险公司在承保或理赔时,如果仅依靠自己的人力、物力和财力进行调查和理算,其主要结果是()。

A.不利于提高经济效益

B.不利于提高承保和理赔的效率

C.不利于融洽保险人与被保险人之间的关系

D.不利于树立公正的社会形象

答案

参考答案:B

解析:无论是在承保时还是在理赔时,如果保险公司仅依靠自己的人力、物力和财力对上述种种因素进行调查,然后进行保险价值的估算、风险程度的估测和赔款金额的理算,则势必会影响其承保和理赔的效率。保险人为了提高其经营效率,通常将这些业务委托给海上保险公估人办理。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Aimee Hunter, a research psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, has long studied individual responses to antidepressants. Being skeptical of the true effectiveness of the drugs, she says she was originally interested in researching the impact of placebos. But over the years, her own data began convincing her otherwise. "I’ve come to see now, by doing the research myself and spending hours looking at numbers, that the medication is absolutely doing something," Hunter says.

In an earlier study that Hunter published in 2009, she and her team used the same QEEG technique on 58 patients, who were given a placebo daily for one week before being randomized to take either placebo or an active drug. Researchers found distinct patterns of brain activity in the patients; not everyone responded to the placebo the same way. "We found that changes in brain function occurring during the first week of placebo predicted who will do well on medication," she says.

The region where changes were recorded—in the prefrontal lobe—is thought to be involved in generating expectations. A common explanation for the placebo effect is that the mere anticipation of improvement begets real benefit. But in the case of Hunter’s patients, the changes in brain activity predicted actual response to the antidepressant , not to placebo.

Intriguingly, in patients who showed the specific brain response associated with antidepressant-related recovery, the most significant improvement was seen in what psychologists call interpersonal sensitivity how people respond to either positive or negative social events. When suffering from depression, patients tend to become inured to positive social cues and oversensitized to negative ones. They may interpret a passerby’s frown as being directed at them, for instance, and some research has found that depressed people are more likely to misidentify smiling faces as conveying neutral or negative emotions. The patients who improved with medication in Hunter’s study "were less sensitive to rejection and more comfortable with others," she says.

Reducing emotional sensitivity—not treating depression per se—is what medications like Prozac, which affect the levels of serotonin in the brain, do best, according to Healy. If that entire class of drugs had been studied and marketed as pills to reduce emotional reactivity rather than depression, he says, "the placebo response would be very small compared to the drug. "

Still, treating a patient’s oversensitivity does not necessarily help depression. For some people whose illness is marked by social dread and misperceived rejections, reducing that anxiety could be critical. But for someone whose depression is primarily experienced as deep sadness and inability to feel pleasure, blunting emotional sensitivity may do little good. These differences further explain why the drugs may produce such varied individual responses.

Evidence suggests that about 80% of people with depression can be helped by drugs, talk therapy or a combination of the two, so although it is critical to figure out which treatments work for which patients, the larger question remains: Why aren’t most patients getting good care, and why do we continue to insist that so many of those taking antidepressants don’t really need them

It is generally believed that placebos can work on some patients because()

A. the patients believe in the effects of these placebos

B. the placebos have generated real effects on the patients

C. the patients are never told anything about the placebos

D. the placebos are milder medications than antidepressants