简述意义学习的条件。
参考答案：
（1）客观条件：意义学习的材料本身必须具有逻辑意义，在学习者的心理上是可以理解的，是在其学习能力范围之内的。
（2）主观条件：首先学习者认知结构中必须具有能够同化新知识的适当的认知结构；其次学习者必须具有积极主动地将符号所代表的新知识与认知结构中的适当知识加以联系的倾向性；最后，学习者必须积极主动地使这种具有潜在意义的新知识与认知结构中的有关旧知识发生相互作用，使认知结构或旧知识得到改善，使新知识获得实际意义即心理意义。
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| Mr White was a famous writer. When he was visiting Japan,he had to__1__ a talk to a large group of students. As most of them could not understand English, he__2__ have an interpreter (翻译). He said to the interpreter,"I'll stop many time during my talk __3__ you can easily put it into Japanese. "Please put the words into Japanese as soon as I __4__ it ". At that time he __5__ a very interesting story. It was so interesting that he __6__ to stop when he finished __7__ two or three sentences. At last he stopped __8__ the interpreter put it into Japanese. To his surprise, when the interprter__9__ all the students laughed loudly. The next day Mr White asked the interpreter "Can you tell me__10__ you made that long story into such a short Japanese one?" "I didn't tell the whole story"the interpreter answered with a smile, "I just said 'Mr White told us a funny story. You will all laugh, please'" | |||
| ( ) 1. A. have ( ) 2. A. didn't have ( ) 3. A. so ( ) 4. A. to finish ( ) 5. A. told ( ) 6. A. forgot ( ) 7. A. every ( ) 8. A. let ( ) 9. A. began ( ) 10. A. what | B. do B. had to B. but B. shall fini B. said B. remembered B. each B. letting B. went on B. how | C. give C. must C. or C. finish C. talked C. had C. every other C. to let C. left C. if | D. make D. won't D. usually D. finished D. spoke D. began D. each of D. lets D. finished D. why |