问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一在文艺复兴以及思想启蒙之后,现代科学的理性思维已经建立起来。达尔文的时代是十九世纪中后期,正是走出蒙昧,提倡科学的前一阶段,在思想和理性上,为达尔文创立自然选择进化论提供了思想依据;而青年时的远游,则为他积累了大量的实据,引发了他关于物种进化的思考并最终形成一个完整的体系。——搜搜百科《达尔文选化论》材料二严复《天演论》的特点在于它不是赫胥黎原书的忠实译本,而是有选择、有取舍、有评论、有改造,根据事实,“取便发挥”的“达旨”。这本书所以能起巨大影响,原因也在这里,它对外国思想的介绍翻译没有生搬硬套,而是力求服务于当时中国的需要。《天演论》用自然科学的许多事实,证明了生物界物竞天择、进化无已的客观规律,以达尔文主义的科学性和说服力,给了当时中国人以发聩振聋的启蒙影响和难以忘怀的深刻印象,立即作了当时正涌现的新型知识分子和革命派的重要的精神食粮,煽起他们救亡图存的爱国热情,走上革命道路。固然这主要由于社会阶级斗争形势所决定,而《天演论》在思想上所起的作用,也不容忽视。——李泽厚《论严复》材料三它(达尔文主义)还是对西方社会产生了深远的影响。它对最适者生存和生存斗争的强调极妙地与时代倾向相适应。在政治上,这一时期正是俾斯麦“铁血”统一德国的时期。各国的民族主义赞美者认为达尔文主义给了他们支持和正当理由。他们认为在政治活动中和在自然界一样,最强有力者是得胜者,好战的品质决定谁将在国际“生存斗争”中获胜。在经济生活中,这是自由经营和粗俗的个人主义盛行的时期。舒适的、心满意足的上、中层阶级激烈反对国家为促进较大的社会平等而作出的任何干预。他们论证说,他们应得到幸福和成功,因为他们已证明自己较无能的穷人更“适合”,而且,大公司对小公司的兼并是“生存斗争”的一部分。19世纪后期也是殖民地扩张的黄金时期,达尔文主义被用来为帝国主义辩护。有人争辩说,殖民地是强国的繁荣和生存所必需的;还有人争辩说,按照世间的成就判断,诸土著民族软弱、低劣,需要优越的、较强大的欧洲人的保护和指导。——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

据材料二归纳概括严复《天演论》的特点。

答案

参考答案:

是有选择、有取舍、有评论、有改造性地翻译;力求服务于当时中国的需要。

解析:注意提取材料信息“严复《天演论》的特点在于它不是赫胥黎原书的忠实译本,而是有选择、有取舍、有评论、有改造,根据事实,“取便发挥”的“达旨”。“力求服务于当时中国的需要”即可。

阅读理解
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                                                           Driver Wanted
① Clean driving licence.
② Must be of smart appearance
③ Aged over 25.
 Apply to(向…请求): Capes Taxi.17                    
                                         Palace Road.Roston
                                          Air Hostess for International Flights Wanted
① Applicants must be between 20 and 33 years old.
② Height: 1.6 m to l.75m.
③ Education to GGSE standard
④ Two languages, must be able to swim.
 Apply to: Recruitment Office,Southern
Airlines, Heathrow Airport West   
HR 37KK.
                                                                Teachers Needed
For private language school teaching. experience unnecessary.
Apply to: The Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd.279 Canal    
                 Street, Roston
1.You are 26 years old and want to be a teacher. You should apply to_____.
A.Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, Roston
B.Recruitment Office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West, HR 37KK
C.the Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd. , 279 Canal Street. Roston.
D.a private language school.
2.What stops Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxis?
A.Fond of beer and wine.
B.Being Punished  (处罚) for driving too fast and wrong parking.
C.Being Unable to speak a foreign language.    
D.Not having college education.
3.Beta, aged 22.likes swimming and driving, has just finished college. Which job might he get?   
A.Driving for Capes Taxi    
B.Working for Southern Airlines
C.Teaching at Instant Languages Ltd.
D.Working for Northern Airlines.
4.What prevents (阻止)Mary, aged 25, from becoming an air hostess? 
A.She once broke a traffic law (法律) and was fined(被处罚).  
B.She can't speak Japanese very well.    
C.She has never worked as an air hostess before.    
D.She feels like working long hours flying abroad.
5.What information we can't find in the three advertisements?    
A.Whether he or she is married
B.Whether they are men or women    
C.Their education    
D.The ages
选择题