问题 填空题 案例分析题

下图表示遗传系谱中有甲(基因设为D、d)、乙(基因设为E、e)两种遗传病,其中Ⅱ7不是乙病的携带者。据图分析下列问题:

苯丙酮尿症的遗传方式与上述中的甲病相似,进行性肌营养不良是X染色体上基因控制的隐性遗传病。一对表现正常的夫妇,生育了一个同时患有苯丙酮尿症和进行性肌营养不良的孩子,该患者为男孩的概率是()

答案

参考答案:100%

解析:

分析系谱图:Ⅱ5和Ⅱ6都没有甲病,但他们却有一个患有甲病的女儿,说明甲病是常染色体隐性遗传病;Ⅱ7和Ⅱ8都没有乙病,但他们却有一个患有乙病的儿子,说明乙病是隐形遗传病,已知Ⅱ7不是乙病的携带者,所以乙病是伴X染色体隐性遗传病。甲病的遗传和乙病的遗传都遵循基因的分离定律,且这两种病的遗传遵循基因的自由组合定律。Ⅲ13的基因型为ddXeY,由Ⅲ10和Ⅰ1可知Ⅱ6的基因型为DdXEXe,由Ⅲ13的基因型可推知Ⅱ7的基因型为DdXEY,Ⅱ8的基因型DdXEXe,且Ⅲ12是正常女孩,所以Ⅲ12为纯合子的概率是(1/3)×(1/2)=1/6。苯丙酮尿症的遗传方式是常染色体隐性遗传(用A、a表示),进行性肌营养不良是伴X染色体隐性遗传(用B、b表示),一对表现正常的夫妇(A_XBX_×A_XBY),父亲肯定会将XB遗传女儿,所以女儿不可能同时患有两种病,则这个同时患有苯丙酮尿症和进行性肌营养不良的孩子肯定为男孩,基因型为aaXbY。

考点:本题考查基因自由组合定律的应用。

点评:对于此类遗传题,解题的关键是能准确判断遗传病的遗传方式。可以利用口诀:“无中生有为隐性,隐性看女病,女病男正非伴性”;“有中生无为显性,显性看男病,男病女正非伴性”,同时结合题干信息做出准确的判断。

阅读理解

A town in Oxfordshire has become the first in the UK to have biomethane(生物甲烷)gas from human waste piped to their homes for gas central heating and cooking.

Up to 200 families in Didcot now receive the gas via the national gas power system. Head of energy and technology at British Gas,Martin Orrill,said customers wouldn’t notice any difference as the gas is purified to the highest standard and has no smell.The gas is produced at a sewage(污物) treatment works in Didcot.

The entire process takes only less than three weeks, with the sewage being collected and sent first to settlement tanks.The solid waste material is then fed into digesters, where anaerobic bacteria(厌氧菌)digest the sewage,with the aid of enzymes(酶)to speed up the process.The digestion process produces methane,which can be burned to drive machines(甲烷)to produce electricity,or can be purified and fed into the gas network and piped to homes and businesses. British Gas says supplying the gas rather than electricity is far more efficient since around two-thirds of the energy is lost in producing electricity.

Partners in the Didcot project,British Gas,Scotia Gas Network,and Thames Water,all hope to expand the process to other towns,and other companies such as Ecotricity and United Utilities have also announced biomethane projects being planned.One of these projects in Manchester could be supplying 500 homes with biomethane by mid next year. Another British Gas project in Suffolk will provide gas from digestion of brewery(啤酒厂)waste to around 235 families.

The Didcot project cost£25 million and was influenced by promises of government aids aimed at encouraging companies to develop renewable technologies.An EU directive means the UK must ensure at least 15 percent of its energy is from renewable sources by 2020.

The UK produces about 1.73 million tons of sewage annually.If all sewage treatment works in the UK were fitted with the technology,they could supply gas for up to 350, 000 families.

小题1:.  Which of the following is TRUE of the biomethane gas?

A.it’s mainly made from rotting plants

B.It’s an environmentally friendly gas

C.Its production process is too long

D.It’s easily recognized by customers小题2:.  What is the function of the enzymes?   

A.To digest the solid waste material

B.To help get rid of anaerobic bacteria

C.To help purify the biomethane.

D.To speed up the digestion process.小题3:.  According to the passage,the biomethane gas had better be used        .

A.as the power for vehicles

B.for heating and cooking

C.to produce electricity

D.to drive a variety of machines小题4:.  The last three paragraphs mainly show that        .

A.the UK government supports the biomethane projects

B.the biomethane projects are very costly

C.the biomethane projects still face many barriers

D.the biomethane projects are promising小题5:. . What should the text belong to?

A.Computer science

B.Engineering

C.Energy

D.Business

单项选择题