问题 问答题 简答题

简述正常心电图

答案

参考答案:

心电图表现

1.P波

(1)形态大部分导联呈圆钝形,其方向在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aⅤF、Ⅴ~Ⅴ导联向上,aⅤR导联向下,其余导联不确定。

(2)时间一般<0.12s。

(3)振幅肢体导联一般<0.25mⅤ,胸前导联一般<0.2mⅤ。

2.P-R间期一般为0.12~0.20s,幼儿及心动过速时<0.12s,老人及心动过缓时可略延长。

3.QRS波群

(1)时间正常成人<0.12s。

(2)振幅

①在肢体导联中,R<2.5mV;R<0.5mV;R<1.2mⅤ;R<2.0mⅤ;其中R+S≤0.5mⅤ为低电压。

②在胸前导联,Rv1<1.0mV;R<2.5mⅤ;其中R+S≤0.8mⅤ为低电压。

(3)室壁激动时间(VAT)间期正常Ⅴ1~Ⅴ2导联的VAT≤0.04s,Ⅴ5~Ⅴ6导联的VAT≤0.05s。

(4)Q波除aVR导联外,时间<0.04s,振幅小于同导联R波振幅的1/4,V1~V2导联不应出现Q波,但偶尔可呈QS波。

4.J点J点大多在等电位线上,随ST段偏移而发生移位,可因部分心肌早期复极而上移。

5.ST段在V1~V2导联抬高不超过0.3mV,在V3导联抬高不超过0.5mV,V4~V6导联及肢体导联抬高不超过0.1mV,各导联ST段下移均应<0.05mV。

6.T波方向一般与同导联QRS波群一致,振幅不低于同导联R波的1/10。

7.Q-T间期代表心室除极和复极全过程需要的时间,正常心率时为0.32~0.44s。

8.U波在T波之后0.02~0.04s出现的圆钝状低平波,与T波方向一致,U波明显增高常见于血钾过低。

9.心率60~100次/分。

10.节律同一导联P-P间隔之差应小于0.12s。

阅读理解

America’s greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere(半球). The Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm(峡谷)890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.

The striking 1,900-foot-long structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.

“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America’s history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover’s legacy(遗产).”

Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression(大萧条)and was seen as an example of the nation’s can-do spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.

The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300-foot-long concrete pillars(柱子), some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.

  The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow two-lane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.

 Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.

 The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.

小题1:Which of the following is true of the Hoover Dam?

A.It was completed recently.

B.It was built during the hard times.

C.It has the longest arch.

D.It’s the seventh highest dam in the world.小题2:What is one of the purposes of building the bridge?

A.To protect the dam.

B.To save the cultures.

C.To outdo the dam.

D.To develop the tourism.小题3:The underlined word “uplift” in Paragraph 4 means _____.

A.lift of the heavy object

B.support in money

C.spiritual encouragement

D.instruction in technology小题4:Which of the followings shows the right position of the bridge and dam?

小题5:The text is mainly about ______.

A.the Hoover Dam

B.American western development

C.a tour along the Colorado River

D.a recently built bridge

判断题