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国家的主权从何而来，这是古今思想家们关注的一个重要问题。阅读下列材料，结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一

西汉思想家董仲舒认为：“天子受命于天，天下受命于天子”。

材料二

意大利神学家阿奎那认为：“君主的权力是上帝通过教皇授予的。治理人民的国王是上帝的一个仆人。”英国国王詹姆士一世认为：“（国王）可以任意处置他的臣民：或加提升、或加贬斥；或生、或杀；在任何情况下都可以对他们进行审判，除上帝之外，国王不对任何人负责。”

材料三

袁世凯称帝时宣称：“民国之主权，本于国民之全体。既经国民代表大会全体表决改用君主立宪，本大总统自无讨论之余地。”

根据材料三，分析指出袁世凯称帝的理论依据是什么？这一理论最早体现在近代中国的哪部文献中？从袁世凯的这种言论你能获取什么信息？

答案

参考答案：

人民主权说。《中华民国临时约法》。

信息：（此问开放，按思维层次从低到高给分。

低：体现出袁世凯的虚伪性

中：体现出民主观念逐渐深入人心

高：体现出民主共和观念深入人心是一个艰难的过程

阅读理解
阅读理解。
 
     The "Snow Castle" park opens in
Mudanjiang City, North China's
Heilongjiang Province, December 22, 2008.
Different kinds of snow sculptures are
exhibited at the "Snow Castle",
which attracts many visitors.
[Xinhua]
     BEIJlNG--Police and forestry workers at a section
of the Great Wall in northern Beiiing,said an interview
with Xinhua Tuesday they had taken photos of "wild wolf"
near the Great Wall. Nearly 60 years ago, wild wolves used
to haunt here. The Great Wall was a major habitat (栖息地)
for wild beasts in ancient times. It's good news that wolves
are coming back.

     Since the financial crisis (金融危机) has
struck the whole world, buying Christians
gifts is "going to be impossible" for many
families. Instead of showing their family
members or friends with expensive gifts
from shops,people would like to make nice
Christmas gifts by hand. How do you plan
to have a wonderful Spring Festival?


Jinbao Jie has been known as a hotel street
because of some star hotels along it:Li Garden
is one of the few Cantonese (广东) restaurants
in Beijing considered authentic by food. Xia Nan
Guo is a modem Shanghai style eatery with
nutritious and natural cuisine. Jing Ya is a restaurant
known in Beijing for its east Shandong seafood.
Legend ale Hotel has a good French restaurant.
It is said that Da Dong Roast Duck Restaurant will
open a new branch here next year.
1. People go to ________ to see snow sculptures.
A. Jinbao Jie
B. Great wall
C. Mudanjiang City
D. Liaoning City
2. Wild wolves used to live near the Great Wall in around ________.
A. 2008
B. 1960
C. 1968
D. 1948
3. For this Christmas, people would like to make Christmas gifts instead of ________.
A. doing Christmas shopping
B. sending Christmas cards
C. greeting their friends and family members
D. saying "Merry Christmas"
4. If you want to have Shandong seafood, you should go to ________.
A. Xia Nan Guo
B. Jing Ya
C. Legendale
D. Li Garden
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问答题 简答题

在2016年4月6日党中央召开的“两学一做”学习教育工作座谈会上，刘云山同志讲话指出，加强分类指导，就要把握不同地域、不同类型党组织的特点，联系不同群体党员的实际情况，把学习教育的任务具体化、精准化、差异化。请简述这三化？
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