问题 问答题 案例分析题

临情景:秦先生,78岁。咳嗽,咳痰20多年,加重伴发热、呼吸困难3天。诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺部感染。为进一步了解病情,需做血气分析。要求:请为患者行股动脉穿刺采血。

答案

参考答案:

1.操作前准备(1)戴帽子、口罩(头发、鼻孔不外露),洗手。(2)取仰卧位,穿刺侧下肢外展外旋位。(3)用肝素生理盐水或枸橼酸钠生理盐水冲洗注射器。(4)用消毒棉球在腹股沟区股动脉处由内向外消毒2遍。(5)戴无菌手套(或左手手指消毒:用消毒棉球消毒左手示指、中指末端指节)。

2.动脉穿刺操作过程(1)穿刺点定位:左手示指、中指在腹股沟区股动脉搏动明显处(腹股沟韧带中点下方)定位。(2)右手持注射器,在两指间垂直刺入,见鲜红色血液直升入注射器。(3)抽取需用量的动脉血。(4)快速拔出注射器,立即插入软木塞或橡皮塞。(5)压迫穿刺点至少5分钟(口述),穿刺点覆盖无菌敷料,标本立即送检。

3.提问①抽动脉血行血气分析时,为什么穿刺后要立即将针头插入软木塞?答:为了防止气体进入注射器,影响血气分析的结果。②抽动脉血行血气分析前,为什么要使注射器肝素化?答:为了防止血液凝固,影响血气分析的结果。

4.职业素质①操作前以和蔼的态度告知患者动脉穿刺的目的,取得患者的配合。操作时动作轻柔规范,体现爱护患者的意识。操作结束后告知患者相关注意事项。②着装整洁,仪表端庄,举止大方,语言文明,认真细致,表现出良好的职业素质。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Declaring that physical exercise is one of the most powerful medicines to help improve our quality of life is not an exaggeration. The World Health Organization expressed the same view in its 2002 World Health Report, emphasizing that the damage produced by lack of physical activity was equal to the p probability of serious illness such as heart disease and even some kinds of cancer.

Those who have embraced an active lifestyle for years are familiar with the sort of physical and psychological benefits that come from exercise. Nevertheless a lot of people would never think of physical activity as a way of feeling better, simply because they don’t think they are in need of it, or because they are lazy or maintain that they haven’t got enough time.

There are many positive effects that result from physical exercise and they are not only concerned with the physical aspects but also psychological and social ones.

Beginning with the physical benefits, physical activity improves the life of the heart, burns off fat, lowers high blood pressure, makes tissues more resistant, and increases muscle flexibility and joint mobility.

On a psychological level, physical activity helps reduce anxiety and stress by causing tension to disappear and by encouraging us to have a better sense of ourselves through listening to our bodies during movement.

Lastly, seeing ourselves in better health is advantageous socially. The sense of satisfaction thus obtained will result in an increase of self-respect and self-confidence in terms of our ability to interact with others.

The benefits linked to exercise have also not gone unnoticed in the business world, with more and more companies setting up gyms on-site. Employees’ improved health translates into better performance and reduced costs as well as an increase in people’s satisfaction in the work place.

Physical activity is recommended for all age groups, including children. It is an important growth factor in a child’s education.

And for the elderly There is no doubt that regular physical activity allows greater efficiency in daily life as well as creating more basic independence day by day, including the possibility of keeping in touch with others and not feeling isolated.

According to the passage, physical exercise can make people ().

A. per and more intelligent

B. more intelligent and more open-minded

C. more open-minded and healthier

D. healthier and per