问题 问答题 案例分析题

近代社会的民主思想与实践

材料一:圣西门简要生平

1760年10月17日生于法国巴黎一贵族家庭。

幼年受教于著名的启蒙学者达兰贝尔,受到唯物主义和民主思想熏陶,热爱自然科学,反对宗教迷信。

1777年与贵族家庭决裂,到军中履役,随后随法国军队参加北美独立战争。

1789年同情和支持法国大革命,主动放弃伯爵爵位并拒绝担任市长等职务。

1802年开始写作,宣传自己的思想。逐渐形成了一个圣西门主义的团体,宣传他的思想和出版他的著作。

1825年5月19日逝世。

材料二:圣西门认为人类历史是一个有规律的发展过程;尖锐揭露和批判了资本主义社会的种种罪恶和弊端,指出它是一个是非颠倒的世界;人类最美好的社会制度是实业制度,它以大工业为基础,人人都有劳动权利和义务,不受压迫和剥削;实业家委员会和学者组成的科学委员会对社会生产和生活实行有计划和有组织的领导;应通过和平的社会改造、宣传和教育实现这一理想社会。

——《马克思主义百科要览》

根据上述材料并结合所学知识,概括圣西门的主张与《 * * 党宣言》的异同。

答案

参考答案:

同:批判资本主义制度;提出理想社会的一些构想。

异:实现理想社会的途径不同:圣西门通过和平的社会改良实现。《 * * 党宣言》提出无产阶级暴力革命。

对无产阶级的认识不同:圣西门改造社会寄希望于开明人士,《 * * 党宣言》认为无产阶级是资本主义社会的掘墓人。

解析:依据材料二可以得出圣西门的思想主张有尖锐揭露和批判了资本主义社会的种种罪恶和弊端;人类最美好的社会制度是实业制度;实业家委员会和学者组成的科学委员会对社会生产和生活实行有计划和有组织的领导;应通过和平的社会改造、宣传和教育实现这一理想社会。再和马克思主义进行对比不难得出他们的异同即同:批判资本主义制度;提出理想社会的一些构想。

阅读理解

On 26th January, the biggest earthquake (地震) in India took the lives of 25, 000 people. In the morning, when everybody was enjoying holiday, earthquake began. It was about 7. 5 on the Ritcher scale. "There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more. Everything has been pulled down, " said one of the villagers alive. "There is no water, no food and no one has come to help. "

Nobody died in Pakistan, a country next to India. The City of Lahore was lucky. In Lahore American School, where I was studying, all of the students were safe. They were on the field, so most children didn't feel anything. The earthquake was felt by the teachers that were on the second floor. However, though Mrs Young was also on the second floor, she didn't feel anything. She didn't know what happened until a teacher told her about it. Those teachers who were on the other floors had different feelings. Mr Emond, the maths teacher from Australia, said that when the earthquake started he thought there was something wrong with him, but then another teacher said that it was an earthquake. After those words Mr Emond felt better. Mrs Davis and Mr Frost didn't feel anything either.

My mother didn't feel anything. She didn't even know that it was an earthquake till she saw a shaking (moving from side to side) light. My dad saw the computer shaking and then he looked out of the window and saw many people going out.

小题1:People use "Ritcher scale" to tell     .

A.where the earthquake takes place

B.when the earthquake takes place

C.how serious the earthquake is

D.how long the earthquake lasts小题2:From the sentence " There is nothing left between the sky and the earth any more. "

We learn that      

A.India is a large country

B.the Indian people had nothing after the earthquake

C.there is no tall building in India

D.the earthquake in India was not serious小题3:The City of Lahore is     .

A.in India

B.in America

C.in Pakistan

D.in Australia小题4:Which of the following is true?

A.I was with my parents when the earthquake happened.

B.The earthquake in the city of Lahore wasn't serious.

C.People in the City of Lahore were frightened when they knew it was an earthquake.

D.The teachers in Lahore American School were afraid of the earthquake.

选择题