问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读材料,回答问题。铁路是国家重要的基础设施,几十年间,铁道部始终保持着政企合一,政监合一、政资合一的体制以及与其他交通运输方式衔接不畅等问题,为此社会各界对铁路改革呼声很高。十二届人大一次会议通过了国务院机构改革和职能转变方案,不再保留铁道部,铁道部原有职能将一分为三;其中拟订铁路发展规划和政策的行政职责划入交通运输部,由交通运输部统筹规划铁路、公路、水路、民航的发展;组建国家铁路局,由交通运输部管理,承担铁道部的其他行政职责;组建中国铁路总公司,承担铁道部的企业职责。

结合材料,运用唯物辩证法的知识,谈谈此次铁道部改革坚持的方法论原则。(12分)

答案

参考答案:

①坚持具体问题具体分析。此次铁道部改革是对铁路部门存在的政企合一、政监合一、政资合一等问题进行具体分析的基础上,作出了不再保留铁道部并将其职能一分为三的部署(4分);

②坚持用综合的思维方式来认识事物。着眼于交通运输的整体性,统筹规划铁路、公路、水路、民航发展,充分发挥各种交通运输方式的整体优势和组合效率,实现资源优化配置(4分);

③勇于承认矛盾、揭露分析矛盾,积极寻找解决矛盾的方法。此次铁道部改革就是敢于直面存在的问题,积极寻找方法解决交通运输方面存在的问题的表现。(4分)

解析:

首先审设问,注意知识范围的限定和题型。本题对知识范围的限定是唯物辩证法的知识(联系、发展、矛盾、创新),题型为体现类试题,侧重于回答方法论。然后我们要依据设问检索知识库,回忆和呈现知识体系,题中我们需要回忆联系、发展、矛盾、创新各个部分具体包含哪些方法论。第三步,分层解读材料,提取材料关键词,利用材料关键词选取和调用观点,实现材料与原理的有效对接,由材料可知,针对铁路部门政企合一、政监合一、政资合一等问题进行具体分析作出了不再保留铁道部的部署,坚持了具体问题具体分析;统筹规划铁路、公路、水路、民航的发展坚持了运用了系统优化的方法,用综合的思维认识事物;此次铁道部改革就是敢于直面存在的问题,积极寻找方法解决交通运输方面存在的问题,是勇于承认矛盾、揭露分析矛盾的表现。最后,有条理地组织答案,做到原理与材料的有机统一。

考点:唯物辩证法的联系观、矛盾观

单项选择题
阅读理解

There once was a very wealthy and successful man. He had more money than he could ever spend, and he was admired and looked up to by his community. __1___ He wasn’t happy. All his life he had been looking for happiness and striving for happiness.___2____

Then one day he heard about a hidden temple in Nepal that had a special room that contained the secret of happiness.___3___ After many years of searching and countless hardships he arrived there. He was tired and penniless, but he knew that none of that mattered now because he had found the temple. He asked a wise, smiling monk if he could enter the special room. The monk agreed and showed him the stairs leading to the room. ___4___ He stared into the room with sunlight steaming through the window and saw what he had come so far to find. There hanging on the wall was the secret of happiness. The man gazed at his reflection in the mirror and laughed.

__5__ Happiness is a choice that we can make. Don’t spend the rest of your life searching the world for happiness then. Just look in the mirror and laugh. Just let the happiness flow from your heart, mind, and soul until it fills your life and the lives of all those around you.

A. He immediately sold all that he owned and set out to find this hidden temple

A. It was difficult to find the temple in Nepal.

C. No one found the secret of happiness at last.

D. But he knew that something was missing in his life.

E. But he had never been able to find it.

F. He climbed them with legs shaking with expectation and slowly opened the door.

G. It is time that we all realized that we were the secrets of our own happiness