问题 问答题 案例分析题

2013年12月召开的中央城镇化工作会议指出,城镇化是现代化的必由之路。推进城镇化要根据资源环境承载能力构建科学合理的宏观布局,促进大中小城市和小城镇合理分工、协同发展;要坚持生态文明,着力推进绿色、循环、低碳发展,节约集约利用土地、水、能源等资源;要紧紧围绕提高城镇化发展质量,防止过度商业化造成千城一面、审美疲劳;要传承文化,发展有历史记忆、地域特色、民族特点的美丽城镇,让城市融入大自然,让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁。

结合材料,运用唯物辩证法的有关知识,分析推进城镇化如何才能让居民“望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁”?(12分)

答案

参考答案:

(1)联系是普遍的,要用联系的观点看问题。处理好城市与自然、传统文化的关系,让城镇化留住浓浓的乡愁;

(2)要立足整体,搞好部分。构建科学合理的城镇宏观布局,协调好大中小城市和小城镇间的关系,发展有文化传承的美丽城镇;

(3)事物是变化发展的,要用发展的观点看问题。坚持生态城镇化,实施绿色、循环、低碳的可持续发展战略;

(4)要重视量的积累,坚持适度原则。发展有品质、有特色的城镇,防止过度商业化;

(5)矛盾具有特殊性,要具体问题具体分析。要传承文化,发展有历史记忆、地域特色、民族特点的美丽城镇,防止出现千城一面。

解析:

首先审设问,注意知识范围的限定和题型。本题对知识范围的限定是唯物辩证法的知识(联系、发展、矛盾、创新),题型为“措施类”试题,侧重于回答方法论。然后我们要依据设问检索知识库,回忆和呈现知识体系,题中我们需要回忆联系、发展、矛盾、创新各个部分具体包含哪些方法论。第三步,分层解读材料,提取材料关键词,利用材料关键词选取和调用观点,实现材料与原理的有效对接。推进城镇化要用联系的观点看问题,处理好城市与自然、传统文化的关系;要处理好整体与部分的关系,立足整体,搞好部分。构建科学合理的城镇宏观布局,协调好大中小城市和小城镇间的关系;要用发展的观点看问题。坚持生态城镇化,实施绿色、循环、低碳的可持续发展战略;要重视量的积累,坚持适度原则。发展有品质、有特色的城镇。最后,有条理地组织答案,做到原理与材料的有机统一。

考点:唯物辩证法的联系观、发展观

填空题
单项选择题

With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Congress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do.

Though it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or she “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.”

Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group.

The taxpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration don’t seem to be taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws.

If taxpayers haven’t made legitimate claims for credits, there’s nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “We’re really there for .when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service office.

According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is correct()

A. Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around and given much power since 1979

B. Taxpayers had to report to the regional directors before 1998

C. Taxpayers have no worries since 1998

D. More efforts are needed before an independent agency is established