简述有机磷农药中毒的治疗原则
参考答案：
（1）迅速清除毒物：温水或肥皂水清洗污染的皮肤、毛发。经口中毒者引吐或用2%碳酸氢钠溶液（敌百虫除外）或微温、淡盐水反复洗胃，直到洗净无味为止。然后予硫酸钠导污。眼部污染可用生理盐水冲洗。
（2）应用解毒剂①胆碱酯酶复能剂：常选氯磷定或解磷定。②抗胆碱药：常选用周围抗胆碱药阿托品，中枢抗胆碱药苯那辛或开马君，新型抗胆碱药长效托宁。依病情轻、中、重给药达解除毒蕈碱样症状，出现"阿托品化"后维持治疗。应防止阿托品过量或中毒。应用复能剂促使烟碱样症状消失，血胆碱酯酶活力达60%以上。除胆碱酯酶复能剂与抗胆碱药联合应用外，尚有此两类药的复方制剂解磷注射液等。③对症与支持治疗：保持呼吸道通畅，纠正水肿、休克、心衰或心律失常，防治脑水肿，给氧，必要时应用呼吸机，保护肾功能等，维持水、电解质、酸碱平衡。
| 根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。 | |
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| Effective reading should adopt a correct way, and then you can get more by paying less. Here are some hints for reading effectively. 1_____ Don't choose a rather difficult book or a too easy one for yourself to read. A book full of new words will make you feel discouraged quickly. To understand those new words, you have to turn to the dictionary. A too easy one will only waste your time and cannot do any help. The two extremes may at last make you give up reading. So it's better for you to find a proper book with no more than five new words on each page. 2_____ If you come across a new word, do not look it up in a dictionary at once. Leave it alone and guess the meaning of it based on the content of the test. This ability is quite necessary in reading. If you know your guess is right later, you will be highly excited at your "success", and your interest in reading is well encouraged. If a word really prevents you from understanding the whole passage, turn to the dictionary by then. I am sure you can remember this word very well, as it has left you such a deep impression for its "troublesome image". 4_____ To comprehend what you are reading, you should think while you are reading, then form your own ideas. Your writing does not need to be quite formal but expressive. This practice can make you communicate with the original English authors. Day by day, your way of thinking in English will tum into a native way, which is quite important for English writing. 5_____ Language has its own beauty, no matter Chinese or English Don't merely take English as "test". Take it as an "entertainment" instead and you will enjoy it through learning. Maybe you should find some beautiful literary works such as a prose or a poem to read, if you like. Try to read them as loudly and impassionedly (充满激情 地) as you can. During this process, not only can you enjoy yourself by the great emotions of the writers, but also your pronunciation and youi manner of speaking English will be improved. 6_____ The last but not the least, keep on reading. If you cannot keep it as a habit, you will suffci from paying without gaining. |