问题 问答题 简答题

简述目标理论对组织管理的意义及局限?

答案

参考答案:

(1)目标理论对于组织管理具有重要意义:目标理论对目标与激励关系的新研究,有利于管理者重视目标所具有的动机作用,重视目标管理;目标理论关于设置合适目标的研究,为管理者提供了直接有效的激励方法和技术;目标理论为目标管理技术的应用提供了心理学上的理论依据。

(2)目标理论同样也有其局限性,这主要有两个方面:一是目标设置上未考虑公平性问题,如果目标本身不公平,仍然会引起人们的不满,并不会导致高绩效;二是目标设置在应用领域上受限制,如科研及创造性的工作领域,因很难设置明确的具体目标,因此难以应用目标理论。

阅读理解

At East China University of Science and Technology, students who finish their food in the dining hall can get a coupon(优惠券) when they return their tray(餐盘). They can exchange coupons for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.

“It’s been a big surprise,” said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student in the university of Shanghai. “It makes us try our best to finish the food!”

But some food in the dining hall is so poorly prepared that students are reluctant to finish it all. Some schools have paid some attention to it.

“The dishes in our canteen are all right, generally speaking. We’ve tried our best to make it tasty. But of course it’s difficult to make all the students love it.” said Wang.

Other universities also pay attention to the size of food. At Nanjing University, rice is divided into three different-sized bowls that students can choose from.

“I like to try different dishes at each meal. So I had to throw away a lot of food because the bowls were too big. But now the dining hall offers small sizes. It’s great because I can try different dishes at half price and don’t waste so much food,” said Fan Peng, a student from Nanjing University.

But what if you really can’t finish all your food? Some universities also provide a take-away service. If you can’t finish all your food, you can get a box to take the leftovers home. Even if you feed the cat, it’s not wasted.

So you see, if we call on students not to waste food, schools should also improve the service and meal quality.

小题1:How can the students at East China University of Science and Technology get a coupon?

A.They eat up all the food and wash the tray.

B.They return the tray in the dining hall.

C.They finish all the food and return the tray.

D.They wash the tray and return it.小题2:In some universities, if you can’t finish all your food, you can __________________.

A.leave the food on the table and go away

B.share it with your friends

C.give the food back to the dining hall

D.take it away with a box小题3:The underlined word “reluctant” in this passage means ___________ in Chinese.

A.开心的

B.饥饿的

C.不情愿的

D.不可能的小题4: In order to reduce the waste, universities do a lot of things except _____________.

A.trying to make the food as delicious as possible.

B.offering different sizes of the food.

C.exchanging trays for coupons and gifts.

D.raising the price of the food.小题5:Where can we read this passage?

A.In a newspaper.

B.In a science book.

C.In a story book.

D.In a fashion magazine.

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