问题 问答题 案例分析题

病历摘要:患儿,女孩,11个月,因睡眠不安2个月就诊。患儿约2个月前起出现睡眠不安,夜间为重,经常夜间醒来哭闹。白天患儿烦躁、不易安慰。爱出汗,夜间为重。既往史无特殊。个人史:第1胎第1产,足月自然分娩(4月份出生),生后母乳喂养,按时添加辅食,未补充维生素D和钙剂。查体:T36.9℃.P120次/分,R35次/分,BP80/50mmHg,体重9.2kg,身长73cm。可见肋膈沟,双肺呼吸音清,心率135次/分,律齐,腹膨隆呈蛙腹,肝脾未及。下肢轻度"O"形腿。实验室检查:血清钙稍低,血磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高。要求:根据以上病历摘要,请写出初步诊断及诊断依据、鉴别诊断、进一步检查与治疗原则。

答案

参考答案:

分析步骤:(22分)

1.诊断及诊断依据(8分)

(1)初步诊断:营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病(激期)。

(2)诊断依据:

①11个月小儿,慢性病程。

②患儿睡眠不安2个月,夜间重,伴哭闹,烦躁,易出汗。

③4月份出生,生后未补充维生素D和钙剂。

④查体可见肋膈沟,腹膨隆呈蛙腹,下肢轻度"O"形腿。

⑤实验室检查:血清钙稍低,血磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高。

2.鉴别诊断(6分)

(1)先天性甲状腺功能低下:患儿没有智力低下及生长发育迟缓,考虑可能性小,可查TSH、T等以除外。

(2)软骨营养不良:患儿无四肢及手指短粗,腰椎前突、臀部后突等,考虑可能性小,骨骼X线鉴别。

(3)其他病因所致的佝偻病:查尿磷和观察维生素D治疗效果可与家族性低磷血症鉴别;患儿无代谢性酸中毒可与远端肾小管酸中毒鉴别;患儿肾功正常可与肾性佝偻病鉴别。

3.进一步检查(4分)

(1)血25-(OH)D3<8ng/ml时可诊断本病。

(2)X线检查可见干骺端临时钙化带模糊或消失,呈毛刷样,并有杯口状改变。

4.治疗原则(4分)

(1)口服维生素D:每日50~150μg,视临床和X线改善情况于2~4周后改为维生素D每日10/μg。

(2)同时补充钙剂。

完形填空
The happy Prince was blind﹙瞎﹚。The swallow﹙燕子﹚sat on his shoulder and told him many   __.
He told him about so many amazing places __  __ Nile River﹙尼罗河﹚,the desert in Africa and so on. The Happy Prince greatly enjoyed his stories. He wanted to know   __ was happening in the city, so he asked the swallow to fly over the city to have a look. The Swallow did as the Prince asked. He _  ___ through the sky. Below him, he saw rich people living __ __ in their homes. He saw poor people were in cold and hunger.__  __ one bridge, two boys shook their bodies t stay warm. The Swallow told the Prince everything. The Happy Prince became even __  _ and told the Swallow to take his gold to the cold and hungry people. Heavy snow fell off the sky on the city. Life for the swallow was becoming more difficult._  __ he still didn’t leave the Prince, he flew to the Prince’s shoulder fell dead at his feet. At the same time, there was a loud“Crack”and the Prince _  _  two halves, he might be very sad.The next morning, people in the city found them_  _ and took them out of the square. The angel found them and made them live forever in the city of gold.
小题1:
A.magazinesB.storiesC.novelsD.words
小题2:
A.such asB.at leastC.so farD.because of
小题3:
A.howB.whatC.whyD.when
小题4:
A.walkedB.ranC.flewD.rode
小题5:
A.normallyB.surprisinglyC.comfortablyD.personally
小题6:
A.FromB.InC.UnderD.With
小题7:
A.sadderB.happierC.sadD.happy
小题8:
A.AndB.ButC.SoD.Because
小题9:
A.brought outB.fell downC.made upD.broke into
小题10:
A.bothB.allC.eachD.none
判断题