问题 问答题 案例分析题

茶叶是中国对世界的重要贡献,并对人类历史发展产生了重大影响。

主题一茶叶与中国古代经济

茶叶产于我国南方。唐朝后期,有人记述说:“古人亦饮茶耳,但不如今人溺之甚,穷日尽夜,殆成风俗,始自中地,流于塞外,往年回鹘(唐朝后期北方少数民族)入朝,大驱名马市茶而归。”

主题二茶叶与世界贸易

17世纪初,荷兰的东印度公司最早从事茶叶贸易,不久在法、英等国都出现了中国茶。18世纪末,输入荷兰、英国和法国的中国茶,除本国消费外,还流通到西北欧与美洲殖民地。有的城市还形成了国际茶叶市场。

18世纪英国东印度公司逐步垄断了中英茶叶贸易。1760—1833年间,输入英国的中国茶叶价值,由80多万两增至560多万两白银,茶叶占中国出口总值的比例一般在80%以上。19世纪40年代以前,中国茶叶一直独占世界市场。1835年,英国人首次将中国茶引种到印度,此后印度茶园面积不断扩大。1889年,输入英国的印度茶首次超过中国茶。

主题三茶叶与美国革命

1773年,英国颁布法令,允许东印度公司在美洲以低于走私茶叶50%的价格销售,并明令禁止英属北美殖民地人民贩卖茶叶。殖民地人民认为自由比喝便宜茶更重要。各殖民地纷纷召集会议,抵制英国的法令。1773年12月,波士顿人登上茶船,把价值15000英镑的茶叶倒入大海。

主题四茶叶与民族企业

“张一元”大事年表

阅读材料四,结合所学,划分“张一元”企业发展的历史阶段。并任选其中一个阶段,分析这一阶段内中国的相关经济状况。

答案

参考答案:

发展阶段:

①从企业发展角度:

②从企业性质角度:

③从企业经营角度:

中国经济状况:

(1)1900—1925:民族工商业进一步发展;清政府和民国政府的鼓励。

(2)1925—1956:民国政府对民族企业既鼓励又压制(四大家族);抗日战争对民族经济的破坏;中 * * 党新民主主义经济政策;民族工业曲折发展。

(3)1956—1999:三大改造完成;进入社会主义探索与曲折发展阶段;计划经济体制;改革开放。

(4)1999—至今:社会主义市场经济体制建立;国企改革深入。

填空题
完形填空
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每空格一个单词。
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陈代谢). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion(均衡)of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high-density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (营养).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足够的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(长期便秘).
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.
Title
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
Causes of weight problems
●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to (1)______ too much, but little scientific evidence (2)______ this idea.
●Studies show that fat people eat less and are (3)______ active than slim people.
(4)______of eating enough
●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and (5)______ activity should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable
●Food intake offers (6)______ vitamin and mineral intake and prevents the old from chronic constipation.
Ways of weight loss
●Dieting alone—a temporary measure
●Tending to weaken the diet's effects
●(7)______in some loss of muscle as well as fat
●Exercising (8)______ — a recommended way
●Having good heart function
●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL
●Attaining critical nutrients
(9)______
●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity.
●Severe dieting should be (10)______.
●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable.