问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料:

材料一

《中华文化史》(冯天瑜等著)认为,中华传统文化在春秋战国时期表现为“以民本思潮和专制主义为两翼的百家争鸣的私学文化”;秦汉以后“定型为以儒学为正宗,兼纳百家、融汇释道的帝国文化”;而“在商品经济有充分发育的基础上得以繁衍的市民文化,在清中叶以前的整个中国社会都相当细弱。”

材料二

17-18世纪欧洲出现了一股“中国热”,许多思想家对中国文化表现出浓厚的兴趣。德意志的莱布尼茨盛赞儒家道路及影响下的社会秩序和国家统一。法国的伏尔泰认为,儒学不是宗教;中国的考试制度使官吏职位人人皆可争取,欧洲应加以采用。

材料三

江户时代(1603—1867年)的日本是以儒学代替以前的佛教作为统治地位的意识形态。汉学是日本西洋学发达的起点。这里所说的“汉学”,包括以儒家为中心的意识形态的学问和技术方面的学问两个方面。……中国儒学在日本不像在中国那样拥有社会基础,而且没有同科举结合,所以,它一开始就作为思索的学问而发展,而且平行地存在着几种学说。

——伊田嘉家《近代日本的历史问题》

请回答:

依据材料二并结合当时德国的历史背景,说明莱布尼茨为何推崇中国儒学文化?伏尔泰当时推崇中国考试制度的出发点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

原因:德意志分裂割据,莱布尼茨赞赏儒家大一统思想,向往德意志统一。伏尔泰出发点:反对封建贵族的等级特权,提倡自由平等。

解析:本题考查莱布尼茨推崇中国儒学文化以及伏尔泰推崇中国的科举考试制度的原因,一定要结合当时德意志和法国的国家现实进行分析。因为当时德意志分裂割据,所以莱布尼茨赞赏儒家大一统思想,向往德意志的统一。伏尔泰之所以推崇中国的科举制度,他的主要出发点是反对封建贵族的等级特权,提倡自由平等。

阅读理解

Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet.  Besides, those who are self-confident can in turn inspire confidence in others: their audience, their peers, their bosses, their customers, and their friends. And gaining the confidence of others is one of the key ways in which a self-confident person finds success.

So how can we build a sense of self-confidence and prepare ourselves on the way to success?

First, do what you believe to be right, even if others mock or criticize you for it. Believe in yourself and believe that you can do it under any circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. The belief keeps you searching for answers, which means that pretty soon you will get them.

Second, govern your behavior based on what other people think. What's more important, be willing to take risks and go the extra miles to achieve better results, in which case mistakes can not be avoided. Don't hesitate to admit your mistakes, and learn from them. Next, work hard to settle the problems in order to cover up your mistakes before anyone notices. Building self-confidence is readily achievable, as long as you have the focus and determination to carry things through. And what's even better is that the things you'll do to build self-confidence will also build success -- after all, your confidence will come from real, solid achievement. No one can take this away from you!

As you sow, so shall you reap. With your perseverance and improvement, you are getting closer to success. At this stage, wait for others to congratulate you on your accomplishments and compliments graciously. "Thanks, I really worked hard on that prospectus. I'm pleased you recognize my efforts. " The congratulations and compliments from others will promote you to gain further success.

Self-confidence is extremely important in almost every, aspect of our lives, and it is no wonder that so many people struggle to find it. Self-confidence really can be learned and built on. Besides, whether you're working on your own self-confidence or building the confidence of people around you, it's well-worth the effort!

小题1:Those who are truly confident

A.succeed without effort and hard work

B.encourage people around to become confident

C.appear more attractive and thus become successful

D.gain the confidence of others and feel successful小题2:The underlined word "mock" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to

A.praise

B.imitate

C.talk to

D.laugh at小题3:When others congratulate us on our achievements, we are supposed to

A.praise them in return

B.gain further improvement

C.politely accept the compliments

D.expect them to congratulate you again小题4:Which of the following proverbs best goes with Paragraph 4.9

A.Look before your leap.

B.It is no use crying over spilt milk.

C.Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.

D.Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.小题5:The purpose of the text is to

A.tell people how to become successful

B.convince people to do what they believe to be right

C.encourage people to build confidence and achieve success

D.criticize people who lack confidence and thus fail in their career

单项选择题