问题 问答题 案例分析题

患者女性,26岁。主诉:下腹痛伴头晕、乏力4天,加重1h。病史:患者平素月经规律,量多,无痛经,末次月经时间为2007年8月18日,于2007年9月30日开始 * * 出血,量较少,色暗且淋漓不净,4天来常感头晕、乏力及下腹痛,未诊治。今日下午3时突感下腹剧痛,伴肛门坠胀感,头晕,并昏倒,遂来急诊。23岁结婚,孕2产1,末次生产2年前,带环1年。既往体健,否认心、肝、肾等疾患。查体:T37.5℃,P112次/分,BP70/45mmHg,急性病容,面色苍白,出冷汗,可平卧。心肺无异常。外阴有血迹, * * 畅,宫颈光滑,有举痛,子宫前位,正常大小,稍软,可活动,轻压痛,子宫左后方可及7cm×6cm×6cm不规则包块,压痛明显,右侧(-),直肠子宫陷凹不饱满。辅助检查:HCG(+),Hb90g/L,WBC10.8×109/L,PLT206×109/L。B超可见宫内避孕环,子宫左后6.8cm×7.0cm×6.2cm囊性包块,形状欠规则,直肠子宫陷凹有大量液性暗区。

答案

参考答案:

1.诊断及诊断依据(8分)

(1)诊断

①异位妊娠破裂出血。

②急性失血性休克。

(2)诊断依据

①有突发下腹痛,有停经史和 * * 不规则出血史。

②BP70/45mmHg,急性病容,面色苍白,伴出冷汗。血红蛋白低于正常。

③宫颈抬举痛,子宫左后可触及包块。

④B超可见囊性包块,子宫直肠陷凹有大量液性暗区。

⑤尿妊娠试验(+)。

2.鉴别诊断(5分)

①卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转。

②卵巢黄体破裂。

③外科急腹症,如急性阑尾炎、胃肠穿孔。

④内科腹痛,如急性肠炎、菌痢。

3.进一步检查(4分)

①后穹隆穿刺。

②尿、粪常规。

③血HCG定量检查。

4.治疗原则(3分)

①输液,输血,抗休克的同时积极准备手术。

②剖腹探查,冲洗腹腔,左输卵管切除或部分切除。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends

changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, and to others it's very difficult.

     Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get along with others.

     If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it.

     ★Realize your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like.

     ★Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others.

     ★Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile to others.

     ★Respect the others. Everyone has his own idea. Learn how to listen to others' ideas without trying to

make them accept yours.

     ★Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things

you can do to show kindness. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend and so on.

     ★Don't complain. Learn to accept what you can't change, and work hard to change what you can. No

one is willing to hear your complaining all the time.

     ★Never give up. Even if you are faced with some closed-minded people, never give up. And try to find

someone who will understand you.

1. Why do we need friends according to the passage?

A. Friends can do everything for us.

B. Friends can bring us happiness.

C. Friends accept our ideas all the time.

D. Without friends we could not live. 

2. What's the first thing we should learn in order to make friends?

A. To help others.

B. To smile to others.

C. To get along with others.

D. To listen to others' complaints.

3. Which of the following shows a sense of humour?

A. Opening the door for someone.

B. Complaining to others all the time.

C. Laughing at ourselves and our weakness.

D. Finding someone who will understand us.

4. How many pieces of advice does the writer offer when we have trouble in making friends?

A. Five.

B. Seven.

C. Nine.

D. Eleven.

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