问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:[永乐二年(1404)正月]禁民下海。,时福建濒海居民,私栽海舡(注:舡即船),交通外国,因而为寇。郡县以闻,遂下令禁民间海船,原有海船悉改为平头船,所在有司防其出入。

——《永乐实录》卷二十七

材料二:顺治元年(1644),清政府颁布“迁海令”,将北起山东,南至广东的沿海居民,内迁三四十里,并且将所有沿海船只悉行烧毁,寸板不许下水。凡溪河装栅,货物不许越界。时刻嘹望,违者死无赦。

——《台湾外记》卷十二

材料三:夷货非衣食所急,何谓中国不缺耶。绝之则内外隔而相构之恤无由生矣,夷虽欲窥伺我,何可得哉!

——《海防纂要》卷七

根据上述材料,概括明清政府海外贸易政策的相同点,并结合所学知识分析明清政府采取这一政策的不同出发点和根本原因。

答案

参考答案:

相同点:都不许民间船只出海;禁止对外贸易;出发点:明朝为了防止沿海居民与倭寇勾结,防止倭寇的侵扰;清朝是为了防止沿海居民与郑成功的反清势力相联系;根本原因:明清时期封建的自然经济占统治地位。

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填空题

What’s in a surname You may ask. A new website project has been released, that helps you (1) . Have you ever wondered why your ancestors gathered where they did, or where others with your surname live now A research project (2) in Britain answers these questions. And another study has found the surnames are (3) .
"Smith", for example, remains the most common surname in Britain. Used by (4) people, it has exactly the same concentration it always did in Lerwick, in the Scottish Shetland Islands. "Jones" is (5) , and is the most common among hill farmers (6) .
The data used for this project comes partly (7) . A number of other files are held by Expairing, which is probably Britain’s (8) .
There’ re some of us who are fairly predictable. "Campbell", for example, as you might expect, is somewhat concentrated (9) , and it appears really bizarre to be found anywhere else.
Well, with 25,000 names as (10) , what you can do is put them in general categories, if, for example, you look at (11) . Like the name Webber, you might find it is much more common in the Midlands than (12) . If you go to Wales, most people get their names (13) . And in Yorkshire for example, a lot of people have names (14) that they originally lived in or at least their ancestors did.
Well, we only have 25, 000 names on this website, but there’re (15) now found in Britain and they’ re particularly interesting, for (16) . Most British names are fairly common. And about what we can now do as such is look for (17) from different parts of the world and different faiths, (18) . And what there is in names is actually extremely useful, for researchers in (19) may find a lot about (20) now living in this country.

What’s in a surname You may ask. A new website project has been released, that helps you (1) . Have you ever wondered why your ancestors gathered where they did, or where others with your surname live now A research project (2) in Britain answers these questions. And another study has found the surnames are (3) .
"Smith", for example, remains the most common surname in Britain. Used by (4) people, it has exactly the same concentration it always did in Lerwick, in the Scottish Shetland Islands. "Jones" is (5) , and is the most common among hill farmers (6) .
The data used for this project comes partly (7) . A number of other files are held by Expairing, which is probably Britain’s (8) .
There’ re some of us who are fairly predictable. "Campbell", for example, as you might expect, is somewhat concentrated (9) , and it appears really bizarre to be found anywhere else.
Well, with 25,000 names as (10) , what you can do is put them in general categories, if, for example, you look at (11) . Like the name Webber, you might find it is much more common in the Midlands than (12) . If you go to Wales, most people get their names (13) . And in Yorkshire for example, a lot of people have names (14) that they originally lived in or at least their ancestors did.
Well, we only have 25, 000 names on this website, but there’re (15) now found in Britain and they’ re particularly interesting, for (16) . Most British names are fairly common. And about what we can now do as such is look for (17) from different parts of the world and different faiths, (18) . And what there is in names is actually extremely useful, for researchers in (19) may find a lot about (20) now living in this country.