问题 问答题 案例分析题

材料一:永乐二年正月,禁民下海。时福建濒海居民,私载海舡,交通外国,因以为寇。郡县以闻,逐下令禁民间海船。原有海船者,悉改为平头船,所在有司防其出入。

──《永乐实录》卷二十七

材料二:顺治元年,清政府颁布“迁海令”,将北起山东南至广东的沿海居民内迁三四十华里,并且将所有沿海船只悉行烧毁,寸板不许下水。凡溪河装栅,货物不许越界。……违者死无赦。

──《台湾外纪》卷十二

材料三:夷货非衣食所需,可谓中国不缺耶。绝之则内外隔而构之衅无由生矣,夷虽欲窥伺我也,何可得哉!

──《海防纂要》卷七

材料二和材料三揭示了什么社会现象?这种现象对社会经济的发展将产生什么影响?

答案

参考答案:

现象:清政府广设钞关,不法官吏巧设名目,对商人征收重税;大量的商业资本投向土地。

影响:这些现象在一定程度上加剧了土地兼并,影响了农产品和手工业产品的流通,也不利于农业的发展;影响了商业资本的积累,不利于手工业生产规模的扩大,阻碍了资本主义萌芽的进一步发展,从而影响到社会的进步。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was

for the American Red Cross when she was in high school. When she was a school teacher, she also found

time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday fun day for kids in the community. She also used

to volunteer at the mint festival every year, One summer she served food, another year she organized an art

programme.

     After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old. When her father was older, he was not able to

see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading. She decided it would

be fun to read to elderly people in her community. She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was

almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put the

information in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and

grandchildren.

     After a hurricane (飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red

Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. She says,"I have always liked the Red Cross

because the organization helps people in need no matter what."

      One day Helen read an article in the newspaper about refugees (难民) who needed to learn English. Now,

she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman from Somalia. Sahra is reading and writing skills.

Helen gave Sahra a camera and asked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and

then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the

book. This helped Sahra learn many new words about her everyday life.

      Helen says,"The most rewarding (有益的) part of volunteer work is becoming friends with the people

I help, They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs."

1. When was Helen's first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross?   

    __________________________________________________________________ 

2. What did Helen do after she retired? 

    __________________________________________________________________                                      

3. Why was Ann excited when her book got published?

    __________________________________________________________________                           

4. Where did Helen work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross? 

    __________________________________________________________________

5. How far is Sahra living and working from Helen's home?  

    __________________________________________________________________                   

6. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English?   

    __________________________________________________________________                                  

7. What can you learn from Helen?        

    __________________________________________________________________                                     

问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一:天有五气,是生五味……口之于味也。辛酸甘苦,经年绝一无恙。独食盐,禁戒旬日,则缚鸡胜匹,倦怠恹然。岂非“天一生水”,而此味为生人生气之源哉?日海之中,五服而外,为蔬为谷,皆有寂灭之乡,而斥卤则巧生以待。

——摘自宋应星《天工开物·作成》

材料二:吕祖谦日:“汉兴,除山泽之禁,到武帝时,孔仅、桑弘羊祖管仲之法,盐始禁榷。至昭帝之世,召贤良文学论民疾苦,请罢盐铁,又桑弘羊反复论难,所以盐榷不能废,元帝虽暂罢之,卒以用度不足复建。自此之后,虽盐法有宽有急,然禁榷与古今相为终始,以此知天下利源不可开,一开不可复塞,其作俑于管仲,计近功浅效,夺民利以开盐禁,自此天下之盐皆入禁榷矣。”

——摘自邱浚《大学衍义补》卷28

材料三:第一条、为了加强对食盐的管理,保障食盐加碘工作的有效实施,保护公民的身体健康,制定本办法。

——摘自《中华人民共和国食盐专营办法》(1996年5月)

据宋代《庆元条法事类》卷二十八《榷货门·榷货总数》记载:“诸称禁物者榷物同,称榷货者谓盐、矾、茶、乳香、酒、曲、铜、铅、锡……”在古代为什么将这些生活必需品列入“榷货”之中?请根据材料和所学知识简要评析古代的榷货制度。