问题 问答题 案例分析题

儒学是不断吸收融合、与时俱进的思想体系,不同时代赋予其不同内涵。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一“臣谨案春秋之中,视前世已行之事,以观天人相与之际,甚可畏也。国家将有失道之败,而天乃先出灾害以谴告之,不知自省,又出怪异以警惧之,尚不知变,而伤败乃至。以此见天心之仁爱人君而欲止其乱也。……

——董仲舒《天人三策》

材料二从北宋的周、张、二程,到南宋的朱子,再到明代的王阳明,理学的领军人物,其学问的成就确实多与佛、老脱不了干系。虽然用心性修养的方式来证成圣人之道,在先秦儒学中就已存在,理学家也每每援引古籍旧说以为据,但如此集中、突出地用心性之学来体证、描述儒学义理,无疑是宋以后在佛、老刺激下的结果。理学在工夫论及心性本体论上,均与佛、老颇多相似之处,以至于自始便蒙受“阳儒阴佛”、“阳挤之而阴助之”之类的讥刺,甚至理学内部各派之间也互相以佛、老相诋。

——陈多旭《宋明理学与佛教、道教的关系》

材料三儒家思想影响下的社会,一般都具有一些显见的道德教条及行为教条(尤其在公共场合);但是在私人场合,儒家对其治下的个体只要求自我反省,与其他很多宗教相比,这种自我反省并不具有排他性。儒家的这种开放导致了儒家具有一些宗教所不具有的的包容性,这是儒家与一般宗教的一个重要区别。

——维基百科

请回答:

根据材料一概括董仲舒儒学的内涵,并结合所学知识指出董仲舒这一做法的政治目的?

答案

参考答案:

天人感应天人合一

神化君权、限制君权

解析:问主要考查学生准确解读材料信息的能力、运用所学知识解决问题的能力,根据材料“以观天人相与之际,甚可畏也。国家将有失道之败,而天乃先出灾害以谴告之,不知自省,又出怪异以警惧之,尚不知变,而伤败乃至。以此见天心之仁爱人君而欲止其乱也。”可概括出董仲舒儒学的内涵是天人感应、天人合一;根据所学知识,董仲舒这一做法是为了神化君权、限制君权。

多项选择题
单项选择题

Government officials reported three new cases of mad cow, bringing the total so far this year to 99. Last year, France recorded just 31 cases of the mad cow disease. The rising numbers are in part (1) a new testing program that focuses on cows that are most (2) . That program has (3) 39 cases. But still 60 new cases were identified in the usual way, (4) were found in 1999. Many scientists (5) that this year, five years after safety precautions were (6) , the number of cases would be (7) .

The rise in cases has (8) some scientists to question whether the disease can be transmitted in ways not yet understood. Scientists are still (9) the disease, first recognized in cows in 1986.

It appears that it is not caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus, but (10) infectious particles called prion, perhaps (11) a virus or other agent. The disease kills cells in the brain, (12) it spongy and full of holes.

France has taken more steps to (13) safety than most European countries, (14) refusing to take English beef (15) the European Union. But some scientists believe that France has not been (16) in imposing the ban on feed that (17) animal pans.

Some French officials hope that the sudden interest in mad cow disease will mean that French consumers will become educated about it, thereby recognizing that French beef is actually (18) controlled. Every cow is given a passport at birth, and extensive information about its parentage and (19) it was raised must be (20) to any slaughterhouse. When a diseased animal is found, the entire herd is destroyed.

16()

A.affective

B.efficient

C.effective

D.affect