问题 问答题 论述题

遗传学的经典理论认为:水稻是自授花粉,应该无杂交优势。但是,袁隆平教授认为传统说法是没有根据的,不可靠的。他在60年代初就发现了一种天然水稻,优势非常明显。他当时不知道它是杂交水稻,如获至宝,以为选了一个特别优良的品种。第二年经过下种观察,结果大失所望,高的高,矮的矮;穗子大的大,小的小,参差不齐。失望之余,袁教授突然产生了灵感:为什么会有分离呢?杂种才会有分离,而纯种是不会有分离的。他意识到选的那一株“优良水稻”是天然杂交水稻,是杂交水稻的第一代。这给他以很大启发,从而经过多次实验终于培育出了优良杂交水稻。他使过去亩只有三百公斤的水稻产量增加到了五百公斤。而他正在培育的超级杂交水稻,将使亩产进一步提高到八百公斤的水平。

材料体现了哪些认识论的道理。

答案

参考答案:

答案(1)60年代发现的天然水稻,优势非常明显,经过大量的分析,认识到了是杂交水稻的优势。这些体现了认识的根本任务是经过感性认识上升到理性认识,透过现象抓住事物的本质和规律。

(2)第二年经过下种观察,结果大失所望,高的高,矮的矮;穗子大的大,小的小,参差不齐。失望之余,袁教授突然产生了灵感:为什么会有分离呢?杂种才会有分离,而纯种是不会有分离的。他意识到选的那一株“优良水稻”是天然杂交水稻,是杂交水稻的第一代。这给他以很大启发,从而经过多次实验终于培育出了优良杂交水稻。这些体现了实现由感性认识到理性认识的过程,是人们发挥主观能动性,付出艰辛劳动,不断创造条件的过程。

(3)失望之余,袁教授突然产生了灵感:为什么会有分离呢?杂种才会有分离,而纯种是不会有分离的。他意识到选的那一株“优良水稻”是天然杂交水稻,是杂交水稻的第一代。这给他以很大启发,从而经过多次实验终于培育出了优良杂交水稻。这些体现了合理想象和创造性思维有助于人们认识能力的进一步发挥。

(4)遗传学的经典理论认为:水稻是自授花粉,应该无杂交优势。但是,袁隆平教授认为传统说法是没有根据的,不可靠的。这体现了人们的认识需要逐步深化,不断扩展和向前推移

单项选择题
单项选择题

In meditation (冥想), people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go.
According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts, three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates (分配) attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli(刺激), like facial-expressions.
The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice, everything from driving to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditation is good for the brain. It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-being.
In an experiment, 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day. A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period. Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both groups looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded.
Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number, as if letting it go, which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number. This shows that attention can change with practice.
Just ask Daniel Levision, who meditated for three months as part of the study. "I am a much better listener," he said, "I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying. \

In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hours ______.

A.were more likely to catch both of the members

B.were used to memorizing numbers in groups

C.usually ignored the first number observed

D.paid more attention to numbers than to letters