问题 单项选择题

专家指出,南京本身就是一本很好的历史教科书,中山陵、夫子庙、秦淮河等,均带有浓厚的文化色彩。这说明:()

A.南京文化是人们社会实践的产物

B.南京文化能促进经济社会发展

C.精神产品具有继承性

D.精神产品离不开物质载体

答案

参考答案:D

阅读理解与欣赏

种树郭橐驼传

柳宗元

  郭橐驼,不知始何名。病偻,隆然伏行,有类橐驼者,故乡人号之“驼”。驼闻之曰:“甚善。名我固当。”因舍其名,亦自谓“橐驼”云。

  其乡曰丰乐乡,在长安西。驼业种树,凡长安豪富人为观游及卖果者,皆争迎取养。视驼所种树,或移徙,无不活;且硕茂,早实以蕃。他植者虽窥伺效慕,莫能如也。

  有问之,对曰:“橐驼非能使木寿且孳也,能顺木之天以致其性焉尔。凡植木之性,其本欲舒,其培欲平,其土欲故,其筑欲密。既然已,勿动勿虑,去不复顾。其莳也若子,其置也若弃,则其天者全而其性得矣。故吾不害其长而已,非有能硕茂之也;不抑耗其实而已,非有能早而蕃之也。他植者则不然。根拳而土易,其培之也,若不过焉则不及。苟有能反是者,则又爱之太恩,忧之太勤。旦视而暮抚,已去而复顾。甚者,爪其肤以验其生枯,摇其本以观其疏密,而木之性日以离矣。虽曰爱之,其实害之,虽曰忧之,其实仇之:故不我若也。吾又何能为哉?”

  问者曰:“以子之道,移之官理,可乎?”驼曰:“我知种树而已,理,非吾业也。然吾居乡,见长人者好烦其令,若甚怜焉,而卒以祸。旦暮吏来而呼曰:'官命促尔耕,勖尔植,督尔获,早缫而绪,早织而缕,字而幼孩,遂而鸡豚。'鸣鼓而聚之,击木而召之。吾小人辍飧饔以劳吏者,且不得暇,又何以蕃吾生而安吾性耶?故病且怠。若是,则与吾业者其亦有类乎?”

  问者曰:“嘻,不亦善夫!吾问养树,得养人术。”传其事以为官戒也。

1.对下列句子中划线词的解释,不正确的一项是[ ]

A.病,隆然伏行——偻:曲背

B.旦硕茂,早以蕃——实:果实

C.根拳而土——易:更换

D.尔植,督尔获——勖:勉励

2.下列各组句子中,划线词的意义和用法相同的一组是[ ]

A.舍其名,亦自谓“橐驼”云——项王即日留沛公与饮

B.爪其肤验其生枯——不赂者赂者丧

C.他植者不然——居曰:不吾知也

D.若是,则与吾业者亦有类乎?——尔无忘乃父之志

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是 [ ]

A.文章介绍人物姓名、形貌、技能,看似漫不经意,如同闲笔,其实生动传神,颇富智慧和哲理方面的情趣。

B.文章通过对比手法写郭橐驼种树与他人种树的不同,主要说明“顺木之天以致其性”的道理。

C.文章从“养树”谈到“养人”,规讽为政不可扰民,主张顺应自然,让百姓休养生息。

D.本文题名为“传”,而实际上是寓言。从文体和写法上看,新颖活泼,借普通人物生活与生产实践中的事理加以托讽,重在说教。

单项选择题

Running a School Book Stall

开办学校书店

I assume that the desirability of a school book stall needs no urging. Many schools sell food and toys. If we do not sell books it is surely strange Many schools serve areas where book shops do not exist and the only books brought before children for buying are the dubious selections of supermarkets. Moreover even in communities where a good book shop is available the guidance which can be given at the book stall is valuable, as we soon found.

Essentially the school book stall is an extension of the encouragement and guidance in private reading which is part of the work of the English teacher. The first essential then, in setting up shop is a teacher particularly interested in children reading and in building up as wide as possible a knowledge of books to suit the school’s range of pupils.

Given the teacher, the next requirement is a bookseller willing to supply you. In some cases you will be able to obtain your books on credit, paying as you sell, but if the school can find a sum to purchase its stock, or at least a part of it, this is a great help.

Having found your supplier you then approach the Publisher’s Association for a Book Agent’s licence. The licence entitles you to a discount on your purchase through your chosen supplier, the usual discount being 10% with service. Service usually consists of delivery and a sale or return arrangement, the latter essential in allowing you to be enterprising and experimental in your stock. Without service a slightly higher discount is given but the former arrangement is clearly preferable.

The biggest, indeed the only considerable, cost in running the book stall is the occasional theft of a book and this may well vary from school to school but the presence of the teacher and the alertness of the assistants is largely deterrent, and the discount should cover this and any other smaller expenses. Browsing is essential. The books must be handled. You cannot keep them safe and immaculate behind glass.

For equipment the only essentials are some tables on which to display the books and a cupboard to store them in. Incidentally an arrangement of books with covers rather than spines visible seems to be vastly more attractive and accessible to children who have not the habit of browsing. A single way out past the cash desk is helpful to security and we record details of each purchase including the age of the buyer both for reordering and as interesting information on reading habits.

Initially we stocked two hundred titles and the selection has grown to close on a thousand. It is convenient if cash or credit allows you to have duplicate copies of popular titles. What is stocked must depend on the teacher in charge. What you are prepared to sell in the cause of encouraging interest in reading will obviously be an individual judgment. Sales for their own sake are in the school context obviously purposeful and the teacher needs to be able to explain to interested parents why he thought a given book valuable for a certain child.

There are always more offers of help from pupils than we can accept. The assistants serve, recommend, order, make posters and arrange displays. Some of the least able pupils have worked devotedly at the book stall.

Publicity is vital. We have two display cases on the school approach containing forty books changed fortnightly and they arouse a lot of interest. Teachers’ recommendations, book lists, beginnings of stories read to classes, do much. Some classes buy a book a week between them. The book stall is always open on such occasions as Parent’s Evenings.

We open twice a week in the lunch hour and we sell twenty to forty books a week, commercially not much but in our opinion well worth the effort.

The writer implies that the reason why a school needs a book stall is().

A. because children always choose the wrong books

B. children find it difficult to choose books in a supermarket

C. because children only like strange books

D. children find it difficult to choose the fight books