问题 单项选择题

原发性胆管结石形成的主要因素是()

A.胆盐含量增加

B.胆固醇含量增加

C.磷脂增加

D.胆盐下降

E.胆道有感染

答案

参考答案:E

解析:胆固醇结石与胆色素结石的形成原因不同。胆囊结石多为胆固醇结石,与胆汁中胆汁酸减少或胆固醇和磷脂增加有关;肝内胆管结石多为胆色素结石。胆道系统发生感染时,大肠杆菌产生的β-葡萄糖醛酸酶,可水解结合性胆红素成为非结合性胆红素,后者与钙结合形成胆红素钙,进而积聚沉淀,形成胆色素结石。

阅读理解

 阅读短文,根据其内容回答问题。

     Americans love sports—they love to play them, to watch them on television, and to talk about

them. But this hobby sometimes has serious results-at least to the players. For example, when people

play tennis, sometimes they hurt their elbows (肘部) and in this way they develop "tennis elbows". Also

it is easy to hurt a knee in a football game. These injuries (损伤) happen while the player is having fun,

but they still hurt. A few months ago, Kathleen Simmons, who loves playing volleyball, hurt her knee in

a volleyball game. Her doctor told her that she needed a very difficult operation (手术) or she might not be

able to play again. She felt very sad and didn't know what to do.

     Then Simmons learned about "video operation". With the help of this new science in medicine, doctors

can now repair many injuries and get people back on the playing field and back to their jobs much faster.

Simmons found a hospital that was using this new science and went to see the doctor there. The doctors

told her the operation could help. For this operation, her doctor didn't have to open her knee. Instead he put

a very small camera lens (镜头) inside her knee. The lens sent back pictures, which appeared on a television

screen. As he worked, he could see the inside of her knee on the TV. With the help of the large pictures on

the screen, the doctor knew exactly what to do when he was making the repairs. 

     Simmons started walking five days after her operation. "My knee hurt a lot during the first few days,"

she said. "But I felt better very quickly. " Now, six months after her operation, Simmons can do everything

she did before her injury. "It feels like a new knee,"  she said. "I can even play volleyball again.''

1. Do Americans love sports?

    __________________________________________

2. What sport is Simmons interested in?

    __________________________________________

3. What did the doctor put inside Simmons' knee?

    __________________________________________

4. What problem may people have when they play sports?

    __________________________________________ 

5. What's the advantage (优点) of the new science?

    __________________________________________

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