问题 多项选择题

男,3天,肛门闭锁,腹胀呕吐,尿液澄清,应做的必需检查().

A.消化道造影

B.排泄性膀胱 * * 造影

C.静脉肾盂造影

D.腹部立位X线平片

E.倒立侧位X线平片

答案

参考答案:D, E

解析:倒立侧位X线平片是肛门闭锁的常规检查。在会阴部皮肤凹陷处贴一金属标志物,病儿取侧位,倒置3分钟以便肠管空气抵达直肠盲端。X线管球放在病儿侧方,X线通过股骨大粗隆垂直照射。此种检查可以明确测出直肠盲端的位王,进行肛门闭锁分型。腹部立位X线平片观察有无消化道穿孔。排泄性膀胱 * * 造影检查可以提示有无膀胱输尿管反流,以争取在肾功能受损害前就能矫治畸形。

阅读理解

Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student’s oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. In graduate discussions the professor had a “manager” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these discussions.

A professor’s teaching method is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussions while others prefer to guide the class without controlling it. Many professors encourage students to question their ideas. Students who object to the professor’s point of view should be prepared to prove their positions.

In the teaching of science and mathematics, the controlling mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years. Students in education, society, and history classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are “practical” rather than theoretical, they pay more attention to “doing” for themselves.

小题1:“Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student” in  ____

class.

A.the humanities and social sciences

B.the science and mathematics

C.the theoretical lessons

D.the strictly controlled courses小题2:From the passage we know that education in the humanities and society __________.

A.has not changed much in the past twenty years

B.pay attention to students’ studying instead of teachers’ teaching

C.is much more important than that of science and mathematics

D.has become more practical than theoretical.小题3:The reason why some professors ask students to make presentations and lead discussions is that __________.

A.these professors are often not well prepared before class

B.these professors want to stress “doing”

C.these professors want to test the students abilities

D.these professors are not willing to teach theory小题4:Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage?

A.Student participation is not common in many courses like society and history classes.

B.Some professors want to control the classroom discussion.

C.Some of students are wanted to attend the lecture of science and mathematics.

D.New educational trends have turned up in the teaching of natural sciences such as chemistry.

单项选择题