问题 问答题 案例分析题

患者男性,36岁。主诉:车祸后呼吸困难20分钟。现病史:20min前汽车撞伤左上胸部。患者感左胸痛,不敢深呼吸,随后出现呼吸困难、胸闷、心悸、乏力,院外未行任何治疗,急来诊。无大小便失禁,无肝炎,结核病史。查体:BP80/55mmHg,P138次/分,R36次/分。神志清,查体合作,痛苦貌,呼吸急促,伴口唇发绀,颈静脉怒张不明显。气管移向右侧。左胸廓饱满,呼吸运动较右胸弱。左胸壁有骨擦音,第3~5肋压痛明显。颈部、胸部、上腹部均可触及皮下气肿。左胸叩诊呈鼓音,呼吸音消失,右肺呼吸音粗,双肺均未闻及啰音。左心界叩诊不清,心律齐整,心率138次/分,心音较弱,未闻及杂音。腹部平软,无压痛、肌紧张,肠鸣音正常,肝脾未及,下肢无水肿,四肢活动正常,未引出病理反射。要求:根据以上病历摘要,请写出初步诊断、诊断依据(如有两个以上诊断,应分别写出各自诊断依据,未分别写出扣分)、鉴别诊断、进一步检查与治疗原则。

答案

参考答案:

1.诊断及诊断依据(8分)

(1)诊断①张力性气胸。②肋骨骨折。③休克。

(2)诊断依据①外伤性休克胸部外伤史,BP80/55mmHg,有乏力、心悸症状。②肋骨骨折左胸壁有骨擦音,局部压痛明显。③张力性气胸有外伤性肋骨骨折,呼吸困难,广泛性皮下气肿,气管右移,左胸叩诊呈鼓音、呼吸音消失。

2.鉴别诊断(5分)①闭合性气胸多无发绀、休克等。②心包填塞无颈静脉怒张,无舒张压上升,脉压差缩小等。③血胸有胸腔积液体征,如伤侧胸部叩诊呈浊音等。

3.进一步检查(4分)①立即胸穿行闭式引流。②正侧位胸片。③心电、血压持续监测,行血气分析检查等。

4.治疗原则(3分)①纠正休克,保证呼吸道通畅,吸氧。②腔穿刺、闭式引流,必要时开胸探查。③抗生素防治感染,对症治疗。④胸壁固定。

选择题
完形填空
     It was in my high school science class. I was doing a task in front of the classroom with my favorite
shirt on.
     A__1__ came, "Nice shirt," I smiled from ear to ear. Then another voice said, "That shirt belonged
to my dad. Greg's mother works for my family. We were going to__2__ that shirt away,  but gave it to
her__3__." I was speechless. I wanted to hide.
     I__4__ the shirt in the back of the closet and told my mom what had happened. She then dialed her
__5__,  "I will no longer work for your family," she told him. That night,  mom told my dad that she
couldn't clean anymore; she knew her life's__6__ was something greater.
     The next morning she__7__ with the personal manager at the Board of Education. He told her that
without a proper education she could not teach. So mom decided to__8__ a university.
     After the first year in college,  she went back to the personal manager. He said, "You are__9__,  
aren't you? I think I have a__10__ for you as a teacher's assistant. This opportunity deals with children
who are mentally challenged with little or no chance of__11__." Mom accepted the opportunity very
__12__.
     For almost five years,  as a teacher's assistant, she saw teacher after teacher give up on the children
and quit,  feeling__13__. Then one day, the personal manager and the principal__14__ in her classroom.
The principal said, "We have watched how you__15__ the children and how they communicate with you
and admire your hardworking__16__ over the last five years. We are all in agreement that you__17__ be
the teacher of this class."
     My mom spent more than 20 years there. __18__ her career, she was voted Teacher of the Year. All
of this came about because of the__19__ comment made in the classroom that day. Mom showed me
how to handle__20__ situations and never give up.
( )1. A. noise      
( )2. A. get        
( )3. A. otherwise    
( )4. A. settled      
( )5. A. teacher      
( )6. A. purpose      
( )7. A. went        
( )8. A. visit        
( )9. A. serious      
( )10. A. career      
( )11. A. learning    
( )12. A. patiently  
( )13. A. upset      
( )14. A. looked up  
( )15. A. believe    
( )16. A. spirit      
( )17. A. must        
( )18. A. At          
( )19. A. worthless  
( )20. A. challenging
B. voice          
B. take            
B. anyhow          
B. pushed          
B. employer        
B. encouragement  
B. met            
B. continue        
B. fortunate      
B. duty            
B. judging        
B. eagerly        
B. frightened      
B. went up        
B. protect        
B. intention      
B. would          
B. During          
B. thoughtless    
B. different      
C. sound        
C. carry        
C. instead      
C. made          
C. director      
C. achievement  
C. worked        
C. attend        
C. careful      
C. position      
C. obeying      
C. successfully  
C. guilty        
C. took up      
C. treat        
C. action        
C. might        
C. On            
C. hopeless      
C. dangerous    
D. tune          
D. throw        
D. actually      
D. stuck        
D. adviser      
D. victory      
D. stayed        
D. prepare      
D. responsible  
D. part          
D. imagining    
D. skillfully    
D. ashamed      
D. showed up    
D. receive      
D. attempt      
D. should        
D. With          
D. helpless      
D. strange