问题 问答题 案例分析题

美国学者费正清认为:了解中国,必须观察它的传统与变革。阅读材料,回答问题。

角度一

渐变之中国

封建社会的长期性,并不意味着中国社会停滞,社会总还是在变化的。这种变化,因为微小,仅以前后相接的两个朝代而论可能不太明显,但隔开几个朝代加以比较,是能够看得出来的,可以说:代代相承,变化微渐。但是,在明清时期,中国社会一度出现过比较明显的转变迹象。

——陈旭麓《近代中国社会的新陈代谢》

角度二

亟变之中国

甲午战后,列强对中国的侵凌,空前凶猛,中国的反应亦随之激烈。反应有两种类型,动机虽均为自救,而所循途径则大相径庭。一为外察大势,内求诸己,认为必须大事变革,与人并驾齐驱,结果形成政治改制运动;一为昧视时代,仍要返回中国中心之世,与外界绝缘,结果演为暴力反洋运动。

——郭廷以《近代中国史纲》

角度三

巨变之中国

1949年以来,中国努力推进现代化的蓝图,是先建设社会主义并进而实现 * * 主义。它始终是决策的指南。……经过苏联的斯大林主义、1956年后中国的乌托邦主义和1977年中共十一大之后邓 * * 推行的务实主义的探索,现在已经有人在议论,认为中国将可能成为当代实现现代化的一个样板。邓并不放弃社会主义作为最终目标,但对大量的市场经济的做法予以放行。他说,新的体制是“计划经济和市场经济”的“结合”。

——摘编自[美]吉尔伯特·罗兹曼《中国的现代化》

根据材料,指出邓 * * 时代中国的巨变是在什么基本前提下发生的,并说明邓 * * “务实主义”的突出表现。

答案

参考答案:

前提:坚持社会主义制度。

表现:计划经济和市场经济相结合,肯定市场经济的作用。

解析:

主要考查学生对中国改革开放的认识与理解。第一小问要结合材料“邓并不放弃社会主义作为最终目标”回答。第二小问要结合材料“对大量的市场经济的做法予以放行。他说,新的体制是‘计划经济和市场经济’的‘结合’”归纳总结。

多项选择题
阅读理解

How did your friendships begin? Most start with a short conversation on a random day. Asking about a homework assignment in class or complaining about your painful legs after playing in a soccer game, you found your best pal by accident.

“Small talk is where all your relationships begin,” Forbes magazine summed up.

The following is a five-step guide to making small talk from Bernardo J. Carducci, the director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast, US. Let’s have a look.

Getting started

Begin by talking about the setting, such as the weather outside or the room you are in (“It’s cold in here, isn’t it?”). The purpose of talking about the setting is to show the other person that you are willing to make a conversation.

②The personal introduction

You should mention something about yourself, such as your name. A good personal introduction helps move the conversation forward.

③Looking for topics

At this point, you and your conversation partner need to find common ground. This is a good time to ask questions or to refer back to things you’ve said or heard earlier. Don’t worry if it gets quiet. The other person is probably just thinking of something to say.

④Expanding the topic

The goal is to keep the conversation going. At every stage, you should be careful not to talk too much. But don’t let the other person dominate the conversation either. If that starts to happen, mention something about yourself when he or she takes a breath.

⑤A polite ending

When ending a conversation, let the person know you’ll be leaving soon, express gratitude for the conversation and set the stage for a future conversation. For example, you could say, “I really must be going soon, but I had a great time chatting with you. I really liked hearing your opinion about that new movie. Here’s my phone number. Call or text me if you know of any other movies you think I might enjoy.”

小题1:According to the article, starting by talking about the setting is meant to ________.

A.find common ground

B.impress the other person

C.make a conversation

D.make the room warmer小题2:What does the underlined word “dominate” mean in Tip④?

A.interrupt

B.control

C.adapt

D.simplify小题3:When ending a conversation, you’d better ________.

A.talk about how much you want to keep talking

B.show that you’ve not enjoyed the talk

C.mention a specific movie that you love

D.give your opinion about the other person’s earlier comments小题4:The main purpose of the article is to ________.

A.encourage students to make more friends

B.give students tips on making small talk

C.introduce popular topics for students

D.teach students how to create friendships