问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料并结合所学知识回答问题

在人类历史发展中,经历了从专制到民主自由的漫长而又艰难的历史过程。

材料一:

在中国古代,人们称祖先或神明为“皇”,称主宰万物的最高天神为“帝”。嬴政统一六国后,自称皇帝,并说:“朕为始皇帝,后世以计数,二世三世至万世,传之无穷。”他还采纳了群臣关于皇帝“命为‘制’,令为‘诏’,天子自称曰‘朕’”的建议。

材料二:

这时(18世纪中期)“自由”是使用频率最高的词。《印花税法》(StampAct)引起了一场吞噬“我们珍爱的自由太阳的意义日食”。居民怀有“自由情结”,将自由和权利视为生活的最高价值和政治的终极目的。从某种意义上说,“自由情结”乃是殖民地居民寻求独立的深层动因。——《美国通史》第一卷《美国的奠基朝代(1585—1775)》

材料三:

英国政治家威廉·格莱斯顿说:“美国1787年宪法是迄今为止,在特定历史时期人类智慧和意志所创造出的最美妙的杰作。”----2009年《新高考》

材料四:

2007年6月27日,81岁的英国女王任命布朗为英国首相。至此,先后有11位首相得到她的任命。这些首相来自不同的政党,政治观点不同。尽管其中有些人她不一定认同,但只要他是议会多数党的领袖,她都会授予组阁权。她曾经对英国人民说:我无法领导你们作战,我不能赋予你们法律或司法判决,但我可以做其他一些事情。----新华网

材料五:

回望中国----这个被黑格尔称为“一切例外的例外”的国家。自1840年以来,中国在制度模式上照搬他国一共两次。一次是模仿西方建立宪政共和,即中华民国。二是模仿苏联建立僵化的社会主义体制。这两次均以失败而告终。而唯独中国决定走自己的道路实行改革开放,才创造了今天的经济奇迹和北京模式。这一点在2008年的背景下显得尤为突出和弥足珍贵。----《2008年:西方民主一元化阶段的终结》

依据材料二、三、四和所学知识比较英美两国政治体制的异同

答案

参考答案:

相同点:英国和美国都是“民主制”国家。

不同点:英国是“议会制”民主,立法权与行 * * 形式上是分立的,但二者之间很难达到完全的分立。议会和政府都受政党及其领袖的领导和控制,而美国是“共和制”民主,立法权与行 * * 不仅彼此分立,而且相互制衡。

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Jim Boon is a hybrid kind of guy. He drives a Toyota hybrid to work, a Honda hybrid on weekends and, as a manager for Seattle public transit he recently placed the world’s largest order for hybrid electric buses.

Now, with the biggest hybrid-bus fleet in the world, Seattle has become the main testing ground for a technology that claims it can drastically cut air pollution and fuel consumption. In the 1990s, demo fleets of 35 buses or fewer started cropping up in cities such as Tempe, Ariz. Sixteen of these early hybrids still service Genoa, Italy, where drivers switch from diesel to electric power when passing the city’s downtown architectural treasures. But no city has gone as far as Seattle, which last year bought 235 GM hybrid buses at $ 645,000 a pop. When the final one rolls out this December, the region’s bus system will be 15 percent hybrid.

But why Seattle, and why now The Pacific Northwest has long been a hotbed of both Green politics and cutting-edge technology. Fourteen years ago the Seattle area bought 236 Italian-made Breda buses to service a mile-long downtown tunnel. They were supposed to operate as clean electric trolleys underground, but the switching mechanism often failed and "the bus drove through the tunnel as a diesel," says Boon. "It was pretty loud and smoky. "

When the Bredas hit retirement age in 2002, Boon went shopping. He chose the GM buses because they use an automatic transmission and diesel boosters that provide power to scale inclines without strain. In hilly Seattle, the prospect of a hybrid that could climb like a diesel but accelerate without belching black fumes helped justify a price $ 200,000 higher than that of a regular bus. "The days of seeing a diesel pull away and pour out smoke are over," says Boon. "After we drove these hybrid buses across the country, I wiped a handkerchief inside the tailpipe. It came out spotless. "

Experts say buses are critical to realizing the hybrid dream of greater efficiency and cleaner air. It would take thousands of hybrid cars to save as many gallons of gas (750,000) as Boon expects his buses to save Seattle each year. GM claims that compared with conventional diesels, its new buses also churn out 90 percent less particulate matter—a known carcinogen. "Buses are a major source of pollution in any city," says Dave Kircher of the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency. "They operate where people are breathing this exhaust, so this is a major step forward in terms of emissions. "

And a major step forward in the marketplace: Philadelphia, Honolulu, Long Beach, Calif., and Albuquerque, N. M. , have all bought the GM buses in recent months. GM is now touting itself in ads as the top hybrid-bus innovator, but Siemens is among the global giants dueling GM for new business, and New York plans to deploy 325 BAE Systems hybrids by 2006. "There’s room for competition," says James Cannon, editor of Hybrid Vehicles newsletter. Seems Seattle isn’t the only city trying to leave grunge behind.

Why are buses critical to realizing the hybrid dream of higher efficiency()

A. Buses are a major source of pollution

B. A single bus saves much more gas than a single car

C. Buses carry more passengers

D. New buses produce less harmful material