问题 问答题 论述题

试述裴斯泰洛齐关于教育与生产劳动相结合的思想与实践的特点和意义。

答案

参考答案:

裴斯泰洛齐是西方教育史上第一位将教育与生产劳动相结合的思想付诸实践的教育家,并在自己的实践活动中,推动和发展了这一思想。

教育与生产劳动相结合的思想与实践的特点:明确的把学习与手工劳动相联系、学校与工厂相联系作为办斯坦兹孤儿院的实验内容之一,这意味着裴斯泰洛齐是更有意识的将教劳结合视为探讨新教育的一个重要方面;在斯坦兹孤儿院,裴斯泰洛齐以安排学习为主,参加手工劳动为辅,但又强调二者的联系和结合;明确提出“在学习和手工劳动能够结合以前,两者分别打好基础”。这表明裴斯泰洛齐重视学习基础性的文化知识和掌握基本的手工劳动技能,而且似乎试图找到学习与手工劳动之间的“结合点”;裴斯泰洛齐深信教育与生产劳动相结合对培养人的重大教育意义,并认为这是基于教育心理学化的教育途径。

教育与生产劳动相结合的思想与实践的意义:裴斯泰洛齐不仅把学习与劳动相结合视为帮助贫苦人民掌握劳动技能从而改变贫困状况的手段,而且将其和体育、智育、德育联系起来,肯定其对人的和谐发展具有重要的教育价值。他的思想与实践主要放映资本主义手工业时代对教育与生产劳动之间的关系的新要求,但在一定程度上受时代的限制。

裴斯泰洛齐首次把教育与生产劳动相结合思想首次付诸实践以及在理论认识上加以发展,无疑在教育发展史上做出了重要的贡献,并在当时产生了很大的影响。他的教育思想具有具有鲜明的民主性与革新性,显然反映了时代对教育的要求,反映了一定的教育自身的规律,是他对教育理论发展的重大贡献。

单项选择题

Passage Four

Japan’s old imperial army never went into the field without a group of "comfort women" for the troops. Many male office workers in modern Japan (and in Japanese branches abroad) seem to think they are still at war. Women workers, even those with university degrees, are expected to do all the humble tasks: greet the visitors, make the tea, tidy up the office afterwards and then leave the firm as soon as they get married and have a child. Come party time, they are often pressed into behaving like bar hostesses.
The fort of Japanese male chauvinism—the old guard of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party—has unintentionally done more than most to change all that. The sex scandal that marked the brief prime ministership of Mr. Sosuke Uno last summer outraged many women, and helped the opposition to its success in the upper-house election in July. Mr. Uno is forgotten, but the resentment (怨恨) of women about their treatment at the hands of men lingers (逗留) on. Over the past few months Japanese women have started campaigning much more vigorously for laws to protect them from sexual bothering at work.
Japan’s first lawsuit claiming sexual bothering opened last week in a city court in Fukuoka. A 32-year-old woman, whose name has been kept from being known (another first), is seeking about $ 26 000 in damages from her former boss and the publishing company she worked for. She claims his sexual hints forced her to leave the company and give up her career. She stakes her claim on the ground, among others, that her rights under Article 14 of the Japanese Constitution were violated; this guarantees equal treatment for the sexes.
Women’s lobbying groups have been springing up all over Japan. The lead has been taken by lawyers at the Second Bar Association in Tokyo. Last month the association held a call-in for women to expose their grievances. Its telephone lines were jammed for six hours. By the end of the session, some 137 formal complaints had been registered. "Nearly 40% of them were from women who had been compelled to have sexual relations with their superiors at work," says Miss Shizuko Sugii, a lawyer with the bar association. Ten of the cases have since been classified as rape or attempted rape.

According to the author, for all Japanese women’s lobbying efforts, ______.

A.Japanese male chauvinism is to be brought under control soon

B.little result has been achieved

C.the law takes no notice of their rights at all

D.many Japanese female victims have been compensated for the damage

单项选择题