问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料:

材料一

人文主义者歌颂世俗,蔑视天堂,攻击禁欲主义,背弃来世观念,放眼现实世界。

------刘明翰《世界通史。中世纪卷》

材料二

18世纪,牛顿的学说通过伏尔泰传播到了法国,从而使法国人首次感受到牛顿思维的优势。牛顿的学说证实了在客观真理的探索中,最可靠的是人的理性,而非信仰。牛顿的理性精神对法国的人文及其他众多学科产生了巨大冲击。

------《牛顿引力理论给法国带来的冲击》

材料三

西方从中世纪遗留下来的教会神学,其内容不是关于这个世界的问题,而是关于另一个世界的问题,身后世界的问题。任何神学的东西,只要人的思维世俗化了,理性觉醒了,那么神学的东西不管多么貌似强大,都是不堪一击的,非常脆弱的。在中世纪的西方封建国家中,与君权平列的有教权。君权是世俗权力,管辖世俗界,教权是精神权力。一个封建君主如果侵犯了封臣的权利,封臣就可以不对封主尽义务。西方封建时代并无近代意义的立法概念,法律是古老的习惯法。所谓习惯法,就理论上讲,就是法律来自社会,而非出自君权。

材料四

儒家的圣贤主张经世致用,相信可以把现实世界治理成为一个具有良好秩序的,合理的世界。正因这样,儒家经学对我们的社会影响之深,力量之韧是罕见的。封建时代中国的皇帝,既是君,又是圣,君神合一。切权力都掌握在手里。除此,中国还有一个关于君权的理论,叫做“君者,法之原也”。中国启蒙运动遇到的困难要比西方启蒙运动遇到的困难大的多。

-------材料三,四摘自《中西启蒙运动的比较》

请回答:

比较材料三,四,论证“中国启蒙运动遇到的困难要比西方启蒙运动遇到的困难大得多”这一观点。

答案

参考答案:

论证:神学关注来世;儒学关注现实。西方有与君权平列的教权;中国是君神合一。

西方君主对封臣没有绝对的权力;中国君主具有一切权力。西方法律来自社会;中国法律出于君权。

解析:

该问属于论述型的问题,论点“中国启蒙运动遇到的困难要比西方启蒙运动遇到的困难大得多”题干已经给出,要求考生从材料三、四中找到论据加以论证,要求史论结合,论证充分。

考点:西方人文精神的发展·启蒙运动·启蒙运动的兴起

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Are you the only child in your family? If so,  you are the most important in  your family. Parents arc the

closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have  a problem. They feel  they're

not as  close to  their parents  as before.   They  even don't think parents are fair to them.  Some students

complain that their parents often say a lot to them, but never listen to them.  Some say  their parents don't

allow them to play computer games when other classmates are doing that. Others say when they're making phone calls to friends,  their  parents like  to ask if they  are speaking to a boy or a girl.  These make them

very unhappy. Some students even decide to leave home because they're  afraid to tell their parents when

they have done something wrong, especially when they do badly in exams. Then they usually think running away is the only choice. But they don't know running away may bring them more problems. Problems are parts of life.  Here is some advice for you to solve your problems.

① Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don't be afraid of telling them your feelings.

② Get help from others like good friends or teachers. 

③ Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.

④ Show your parents you're growing up. Then they'll feel you're no longer a small child. If you follow the advice, you'll have a happy life and never think of running away.

1. According to the article, ________are the closest people to the only child.  

A. teachers        

B. parents

C. classmates      

D. grandparents

2. Which of the following is TRUE?  

A. Parents don't love their children now.

B. Middle school students don't have any problems.

C. Some students don't think their parents are fair to them.

D. Finding a good chance to talk with parents is not useful at all.  

3. We'd better__________ if we have problems with them.

A. talk with our parents

B. quarrel with our parents

C. leave our parents

D. keep quiet

4. Why does the author advise us to keep a diary?

A. Because it's our homework.

B. Because it can help us practice writing.

C. Because it can help us understand ourselves better.

D. Because it will bring us success.

5. This article is about some middle school students'_________.

A. friends        

B. hobbies

C. parents        

D. problems

问答题