问题 计算题

长时间使用的热水壶底部有一层水垢,主要成分是碳酸钙。学校化学研究性学习小组同学通过实验想测定水垢中碳酸钙的含量为多少。他们取100g水垢,加入200g稀盐酸,一段时间后恰好完全反应(杂质不参加反应),同时5分钟(min)内生成CO2质量,测量数据如下表:

时间/min12345
生成CO2的质量/g612182222
计算:

(1)经过     分钟后,水垢中的CaCO3已经反应完全;

(2)该水垢中CaCO3的质量分数是多少?

(3)反应使用的稀盐酸质量分数为多少?

答案

(1)4   (2)50%     (3)18.25%

(1)、根据表格数据分析:当二氧化碳的质量不再增加,说明水垢中的CaCO3已经反应完全,故答案为4分钟。

(2)、(3):由图不难看出,共得到二氧化碳22克,根据二氧化碳的质量即可求出参与反应的氯化氢的质量和碳酸钙的质量.

解:设碳酸钙消耗的氯化氢的质量为x,100g水垢中碳酸钙的质量是y

CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2

100    73           44

y     x           22g

100/y=73/x=44/22

解得:x=36.5   y=50

CaCO3%=50/100×100%=50%    HCl%=36.5/20×100%=18.25%

答:该水垢中CaCO3的质量分数是50%,反应使用的稀盐酸质量分数为18.25%。

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