问题 单项选择题

有科学家指出,质子的半径比以前认为的要小4%。如果这个结论在未进一步得到证实,那就意味着,要么阐释光和物质相互作用的量子电动力学理论本身有问题,要么许多基于现有质子大小计算所使用的里德伯常量是错误的。不管是何种情况,都意味着我们需要重写基础物理理论。科学家在已形成结论的领域进行不断研究、反复论证,甚至改写相关理论体系,这说明()

①物理学上现已获得的真理性认识都是特定过程的产物,都是主观与客观具体的历史的统一

②物理学现有的真理都有其适用的条件和范围,都包含着谬误的成份

③真理和谬误相伴相长于物理学研究的全过程

④研究对象的无限性及其绝对运动的属性,决定了物理学任何研究成果都只是相对正确的

A.①③

B.①④

C.②③

D.②④

答案

参考答案:A

解析:真理是主观与客观具体历史的统一,是正确的认识,真理中不可能包含谬误的成分,题肢②说法错误,故排除;题肢④说法错误,错在了中“任何”说法太绝对,故排除;题肢①③符合题意,故答案选A。考点:本题考查在实践中追求和发展真理。

单项选择题
单项选择题

People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankind’s humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of the movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend treatment once reserved for mankind to other species.

But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are secret places safely hidden from the meat-eater’s gaze and the child’s story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals).

Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking about it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most people’s lives, it is particularly vulnerable to their campaigns.

In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research.

And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and mice) that die in Britain’s laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens ) on Britain’s farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just taken a step backwards.

In the text, a comparison is made so as to()

A. abolish the slave trade

B. elaborate a higher purpose of animal research

C. warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals

D. assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals