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春     风

林斤澜

北京人说:“春脖子短。”南方来的人觉得这个“脖子”有名无实,冬天刚过去,夏天就来到眼前了。

最激烈的意见是:“哪里会有什么春天,只见起风、起风,成天刮土、刮土,眼睛也睁不开,桌子一天擦一百遍……”

其实意见里说的景象不冬不夏,还得承认是春天,不过不像南方的春天,那也的确。褒贬起来着重于春风,也有道理。

起初,我也怀念江南的春天,“暮春三月,江南草长,杂花生树,群莺乱飞。”这样的名句是老窖名酒,是色香味俱全的。这四句里没提到风,风原是看不见的,又无所不在的。江南的春风抚摸大地江南,像柳丝的飘拂;体贴万物,像细雨的滋润。这才草长、花开、莺飞……

北京的春风真就是刮土吗?后来我有了别样的体会,那是下乡的好处。

我在京西的大山里、京东的山边上,曾数度“春脖子”。背阴的岩下,积雪不管立春、春分,只管冷森森的,没有开化的意思。是潭、是溪、是井台、还是泉边,凡带水的地方,都坚持着冰块、冰砚、冰溜、冰渣……一夜之间,春风来了。忽然,从塞外的葱葱草原、莽莽沙漠,滚滚而来。从关外扑过山头,漫过山梁,插山沟,灌山口,呜呜吹号,哄哄呼啸,飞沙走石,扑在窗户上,撒拉撒拉,扑在人脸上,如无数的针扎。

轰的一声,是哪里的冰河开裂吧。嘎的一声,是碗口大的病枝刮折了。有天夜间,我住的石头房子的木架子,格拉拉、格拉拉响起来,晃起来。仿佛冬眠惊醒,伸懒腰,动弹胳臂腿,浑身关节挨个儿格拉拉、格拉拉地松动。

麦苗在霜冻里返青了,山桃在积雪里鼓苞了。清早,着双靸鞋,穿老羊皮背心,使荆条背篓,背带冰渣的羊粪,绕山嘴,上山梁,爬高高的梯田,春风呼哧呼哧的帮助呼哧呼哧的人们,把粪肥抛撒匀净。好不痛快人也。

北国的山民,喜欢力大无比的好汉。到喜欢得不行时,连捎带来的粗暴也只觉得解气。要不,请想想,柳丝飘拂般的抚摸,细雨滋润般的体贴,又怎么过草原,走沙漠,扑山梁?又怎么踢打得开千里冰封和遍地赖着不走的霜雪?

如果我回到江南,老是乍暖还寒,最难将息,老是牛角淡淡的阳光,牛尾蒙蒙的阴雨,整体好比穿着湿布衫,墙角落里发霉,长蘑菇,有死耗子味。

能不怀念北国的春风?

[注]靸,音sa,拖鞋。

1.开头对春天有不同的评价,其含义分别是什么?(6分)

(1)北京人概括的“春脖子短”,意谓:

(2)南方来的人觉得“这个‘脖子’有名无实”,意谓:

2.文中用生动的语言描写了南方和北国的春风。请分别概括出其特点。(4分)

(1)第4段划线的语句刻画出江南春风                                  的特点。

(2)第7段划线的语句刻画出北国春风                                     的特点。

3.文章结尾部分,作者为什么说“能不怀念北国的春风”?(4分)

4.下列对文章的鉴赏评价,不恰当的两项是: (4分)

A.作者的构思巧妙,重在写春风,却不开门见山写春风,而是从北国的春天写起,从春天的比较引出了春风,作比较后即收束全文,文字短小精悍。

B.春风本是无形、无声、无味、不可捉摸的,作者却通过自身的感官,把春风刻画得形神兼备。

C.作者既从听觉,又从触觉和视觉两方面去描写北国的春风,使人感到春风无处不在。

D.全文写景抒情融为一体,描写春风,赞叹春风,旨在歌颂春满大地的祖国。E.  本文语言朴素、凝练、传神,运用叠字、叠词增添了文章的韵味,长短句交错,读起来琅琅上口,富有节奏感。

答案

1.(1)春天存在,但像短脖子一样不引人注目。 (2)感觉不到春天的存在。

2.(1)轻柔    (2)刚劲  (意思对即可)

3.因为北国的春风强悍、刚劲,才能穿越草原、沙漠和山梁,才能破冰封,驱霜雪,使麦苗返青、山桃鼓苞。

4.A、D

1.无

2.无

3.(着重抓住第7、8、9三段有关的语句去分析概括,意思对即可)

4.(A项应是对南北春风作比较之后再回到春天,然后才收束全文。D项“旨在歌颂------祖国”说法不当,应是赞颂春风,洋溢着作者对自然的炽热感情。)

阅读理解

Welcome to the Amazing kids Website! Here you can read about clever children all over the world.

Gina, who is thirteen years old, got first prize in the “Young Look of the Year” competition and is now writing her own recipe (烹饪) book for kids. "I want it to be fun to read and easy enough for children to use," she says. Gina learned by observing (观察)her father, who's also good at cooking, in the kitchen. She wants to encourage other children to cook because "everyone needs to eat, so it's a skill that will always be useful!

Fourteen-year-old Bren used to love running until he had a serious car accident three years ago. He lost part of one leg and didn't even expect to walk again. Now he's an athlete who has recently completed a marathon. "After my accident I wanted to give up," he says. "But now I'm happy to be alive and able to continue running."

Helga has always been good at science, but she thought it was too difficult to become an inventor. Then she heard about an accident that had happened when a car hit a train in her town. "That gave me an idea," says the clever sixteen-year-old girl. It took her over a year to invent a special machine that tells car drivers when a train is coming. One company is already interested in selling it, so it may be in the shops soon!

小题1:How is Gina trying to encourage other children to cook?

A.By observing her father.

B.By writing a recipe book for kids.

C.By giving them delicious food to eat.

D.By getting first prize in the competition.小题2:Why is it surprising that Bren is an athlete?

A.Because he can' t walk.

B.Because he lost part of one leg.

C.Because he gave up running.

D.Because he used to love running.小题3: Which of the following is true about Helga?

A.She saw a car hit a train in her town.

B.She sold special machines to car drivers.

C.She invented a special machine for car drivers.

D.It is impossible for her to become an inventor.小题4:Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Amazing Kids, Special Abilities      B. How to Be a Good Student

C Different People, Different Ideas      D. How to Get Living Skills

单项选择题