问题 名词解释

形式与质料

答案

参考答案:

托马斯在对亚里士多德著作进行评注的过程中发展了亚氏的“四因”学说,他把形式因和质料因归为“内因”范畴,把动力因和目的因归为“外因”范畴。托马斯虽然把形式与质料都归于内因,但是他仍然从外因论的角度来说明物质中的形式产生的原因,坚决反对阿威洛伊主义把形式看作是原初物质本身固有的观点。他说道:“存在于物质中的形式是从无物质的形式中产生的。”

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Bill Gates was born on October 28th, 1955. He and his two sisters grew up in Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, was a Seattle lawyer. Mary Gates, their late mother, was a school teacher.

Gates attended public elementary school before moving on to the private Lakeside School in North Seattle. It was at Lakeside that Gates began his career in personal computer soft- ware, programming computers at age 13.

In 1973, Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, who is now Microsoft's president. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version (版本) of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer---the MITS Astair. In his junior year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies full-time to Microsoft, a company he had started in 1975 with his boyhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desk-top and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers.

Gates' foresight has led to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. He plays an important role in the technical development of new products. Much of his time is devoted to meeting with customers and staying in touch with Microsoft employees around the world through e-mail.

In the dozen years since Microsoft went public, Gates has donated more than $ 800 million to charities (慈善机构), including $ 200 million to the Gates Library Foundation to help libraries in North America make use of new technologies and the Information Age.

50. Where did Bill Gates begin his career in personal computer software?

A. At public elementary school.                  B. At the private Lakeside School.

C. At Harvard University.                           D. At Microsoft Company.

51. Why did he drop out of Harvard?

A. To change school.                                 B. To spend all his energies to Microsoft.

C. To find a full-time job.                          D. To earn money.

52. How does Gates spend much of his time?

A. Meeting with people.                            B. Travelling around the world.

C. E-mailing some friends.  

D. Meeting with customers and e-mailing Microsoft employees.

53. What does the underlined word "donated" in the last paragraph mean?

A. gave.                B. earned.              C. made.               D. received.