问题 阅读理解与欣赏

现代文大阅读

从阿尔卑斯山归来     [法]都德

在普鲁文斯省,当天气温暖起来时,把家畜送到阿尔卑斯山里取已经习惯了。畜生和人在那里要过五六个月,夜间便睡在露天底下高齐腰际的草里;随后,当秋天最初战栗的时候,他们又下山回到农庄上来,重在背迷迭香的花熏香了的灰色的小山上过着单调的牧羊生活……

昨天晚上羊群回来了。从早上起,大门便敞开的等待着;羊圈里铺了新鲜的干草。

不时地,人们重复着说:“现在,他们已经到艾杰尔了:现在,已经到巴拉都了。”

近黄昏的时候,突然间,一声大叫:“他们到那儿啦!”而在那边,在远处,我们看见羊群在尘土腾起的光辉里前进着。

整个的路好像在跟羊群一起蠕动,老公羊走在最前边,角往前伸着,现出凶野的神气;在它们的后边,是羊群的主要部分,有点疲倦了的母亲们,偎挤在腿间的乳儿,篮子里驮着新生的小羊羔,一边走一边摇晃着的,头上戴着红绒球的骡子;再后边,是全身浸在汗里,舌头伸到地上的狗;走在最后边的,是两个高大的裹在褐色毛布外套里的牧羊的家伙,衙门的外套像袈裟一样,一直拖到脚后跟。

所有这一切,在我们面前快乐地排成行列,带着一阵急雨般的践踏声拥进了大门。

那时院子里是怎样的骚乱啊!金绿两色相间的大孔雀,戴着绢绒般的冠,从它们的栖木上认出了来者,并用一种惊人的号筒般的鸣叫迎接它们。

沉睡着的鸡窝突然被惊醒了。所有的都站了起来:鸽子,鸭子,火鸡,竹鸡。整个的家禽场像是疯狂了一般。母鸡们谈着要玩一整夜…………

好像是每一只羊在它的沾染着阿尔卑斯草的芬芳的毛里,带回一种使人沉醉,使人舞蹈的田野的活跃气氛似的。

在这样的骚动中间,羊群各自找到了自己的住所。没有比这样的安置看来更可爱了。老公羊看到了它们的食槽,感动得流出了眼泪。那些在旅途中生出来而还从未看见过农庄的羊羔和极小的羔儿,惊奇地看着它们的周围。

但是最动人的是那些狗,那些忠于职务的牧羊人的狗。它们跟在羊群后边十分忙碌,在农庄上就只看到它们。

守夜的狗在它的窝里唤它们回来是徒劳的;井边盛满了新鲜的水的水桶向它们做手势也全无用处;在羊群进来以前,在粗大的门闩把小栅栏门关了以前,在牧羊人到低矮的小屋里坐在桌子周围以前,它们是什么也不要看,什么也不要听的。

而在这时候,它们才仅仅同意进到群狗的窝里去。在那儿,它们一边舐着它们的菜汤桶,一边同它们农庄上的同伴们谈论着它们在山里所做的事情:在那可怕的地方,有狼,有洋溢着露珠的大朵的紫色的毛地黄……。

16.在羊群秋归的情景描写中,文章主要传达了哪两个方面的感受?(4分)

17.“好像是每一只羊在它的沾染着阿尔卑斯草的芬芳的毛里,带回一种使人沉醉、使人舞蹈的田野的活跃的气氛似的。”结合上下文,说说这句话的含义。(4分)

18.本文最后突出写了狗的形象,你认为作者这样写的用意是什么?(4分)

19.本文主要运用了哪两种表现手法描写羊群归家后的情景?请结合有关具体描写,简要分析其作用。(6分)

答案

16.①期盼回家和回家后亲切温馨的感受。②生命(动物与动物、人与动物)之间和谐相处或亲密交流的感受。

17.①羊群带回了阿尔卑斯山的生机。②羊群归家给人们与动物带来了喜悦与欢欣。

18.①表现狗的忠诚(或忠于职守)。②从动物之间的亲密关系写到动物与家园的亲密关系,最后以狗作代表写到动物与人的关系;使文章的内涵逐步深化。③最后写狗与同伴谈论山里的事情,与文章开头形成呼应。

19.①白描(或细节描写)。描写羊群归家后的欢乐时写到大孔雀、母鸡、老公羊、羊羔等,作者都只抓住描写对象的主要细部特征简笔勾勒,使羊群归家的群像得以简洁而传神的表现。②拟人化的描写。本文把羊、狗、鸡等都人格化了,如写羊儿回家后,大孔雀高兴地用惊人的号筒般的鸣叫迎接羊儿归来,母鸡们兴奋地谈着要玩一整夜。这样描写给人以亲切温馨的感受,洋溢着朴实动人的生活气息,使文章更具有生动活泼的情趣。

五、16.①期盼回家和回家后亲切温馨的感受。②生命(动物与动物、人与动物)之间和谐相处或亲密交流的感受。

17.①羊群带回了阿尔卑斯山的生机。②羊群归家给人们与动物带来了喜悦与欢欣。

18.①表现狗的忠诚(或忠于职守)。②从动物之间的亲密关系写到动物与家园的亲密关系,最后以狗作代表写到动物与人的关系;使文章的内涵逐步深化。③最后写狗与同伴谈论山里的事情,与文章开头形成呼应。

19.①白描(或细节描写)。描写羊群归家后的欢乐时写到大孔雀、母鸡、老公羊、羊羔等,作者都只抓住描写对象的主要细部特征简笔勾勒,使羊群归家的群像得以简洁而传神的表现。②拟人化的描写。本文把羊、狗、鸡等都人格化了,如写羊儿回家后,大孔雀高兴地用惊人的号筒般的鸣叫迎接羊儿归来,母鸡们兴奋地谈着要玩一整夜。这样描写给人以亲切温馨的感受,洋溢着朴实动人的生活气息,使文章更具有生动活泼的情趣。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as remembering to

throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right?

It shouldn't. Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of otherconsequences of

swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for

Environmental Defense.

    The containers are often filled in foraway lands, then shipped from abroad,and stored in

refrigerators at your local store. Compare that with the influence on environment of turning

on your tap ,filling a glass,and drinking up!

    Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons ismisguided,says Peffers,"Most

bottled water is just tap water." And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to

follow the strictrules. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive.

especially when compared with the altemative,which is almost free ,andit is astonishing that

America's desire for bottled water seems impassibleto satisfy,reaching nearly 30 billion

bottles a year.

    "My parents' generation never  had  bottled water, "saysIsabelle Silverman,an

Environinental Defense legal adviser. She hasmade a commitment to going bottle free."You

don't need to fetch ithome from the store,and it's cheaper, " she adds

Bottled water's role as a status symbol needs to change,Pefferspoints out. So when a waiter

at an expensive restaurant offers"Andwhat's your drink?"that's no reason to forget your

conviction(信念). "Don't be afraid to say,'I'll have tap.' Say it loud enoughthat the other

tables nearby can hear you,"Peffers says,"And thenspend that money on a dessert. "

1. In the first paragraph,the underlined sentence"It shouldn't."suggest that people________.

A. shouldn't feel pleased with finishing the water in the bottle

B. shouldn't feel good about drinkinl an expensive brand H2O

C. shouldn't be content with just recycling empty bottles

D. shouldn't be satisfied with drinking only bottled water

2. According to the author, tap water is_________. 

A. as safe as bottled water

B. more likely to be polluted

C. healthier than bottled water

D. less convenient than bottled water

3. The underlined part"going bottle free"(in Paragraph 4)means"______". 

A. making bottled water free

B. abandoning bottled water

C. recycling used water bottles

D. providing free water containers

4. Why does Peffers ask people to say"I'll have tap."loudly?

A. To encourage them to set an example for others to follow.

B. To advise them to save the money for one more dessert.

C. To remind them to be aware of their social status.

D. To persuade them to speak confidently in public.

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