问题 问答题 论述题

建设项目常用的四种风险应对策略是什么?

答案

参考答案:

①风险回避风险回避是彻底规避风险的一种方法,即断绝风险的来源。

②风险转移风险转移是将项目可能发生的风险转移给他人承担。

③风险抑制风险抑制是通过采取一定的措施,降低风向发生的概率,减少风险事件造成的损失。

④风险自担风险自担是将可能的风险损失留给项目业主自己承担。

单项选择题

2004年1~7月我国城镇固定资产投资比去年同期增长31.1%。1~7月,城镇50万元以上项目累计完成固定资产投资27116亿元,同比增长31.1%,增幅与1~6月份基本持平。其中,国有及国有控股投资15710亿元,增长27.5%;住宅投资5061亿元,增长26%。中央项目投资4274亿元,同比增长5.7%,增幅比1~6月提高4.4个百分点,主要是交通和铁道设备购置增加较多;地方项目投资22,842亿元,增长37.2%,回落1.3个百分点。 分产业看,第一产业投资277亿元,同比增长15%,比1~6月提高7.8个百分点。第二产业投资10851亿元,增长42.5%,提高0.7个百分点。其中,工业投资10503亿元,增长43%,提高0.7个百分点;建筑业投资349亿元,增长28.7%,提高0.7个百分点。第三产业投资 15987亿元,增长24.6%,回落0.4个百分点。 分行业看,纺织及纺织服装业投资495亿元,同比增长29.3%,增幅比1~6月回落3.9个百分点;黑色金属开采和冶炼及压延加工业投资1026亿元,同比增长49.2%,增幅比1~6月回落6.1个百分点;有色金属开采和冶炼及压延加工业投资323亿元,同比增长34.9%,增幅比1~6月.回落8.2个百分点。投资增速略有提高的行业有:化学原料和化学制品业投资780亿元,同比增长49.6%,增幅比1~6月提高2.5个百分点;非金属矿物制品业投资591亿元,同比增长55.9%,增幅比1~6月提高2.1个百分点;交通运输设备制造业投资485亿元,同比增长52.4%,增幅比1~6月提高1.5个百分点;电气机械及器材制造业投资219亿元,同比增长55.4%,增幅比1~6月提高7.5个百分点;电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业投资2,495亿元,同比增长49.4%,增幅比1~6月提高0.6个百分点。 分地区看,东部地区投资15 526亿元,同比增长29.5%,增幅比1~6月提高0.8个百分点;中部地区5 468亿元,同比增长33.2%,增幅比1~6月回落1.8个百分点;西部地区5 561亿元,同比增长35.2%,增幅比1~6月回落1.9个百分点。

2003年1~7月,城镇50万元以上项目固定资产投资()亿元。

A.27 680

B.20 683

C.21 360

D.25 358

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Each year, road accidents kill a million people and injure millions more.The economic costs are

greatest for developing countries.Earlier this year, the United Nations called for a campaign to improve

road safety.

     One way to avoid accidents is better driving.Another is better roads and bridges.Engineers in the

United States have designed ten new concrete mixtures that they think could make bridges last longer.

     Professor Paul Tikalsky leads the experiments by a team at Pennsylvania State University.He says

bridges made of concrete now last about twenty-five to thirty-five years.But he says the new mixtures might extend that to seventy-five or even one-hundred years.

     Concrete is made of stone, sand, water and cement (水泥). The materials in the cement hold the

concrete together.Ancient Romans built with concrete.Yet strengthened concrete bridges did not appear

until the late 1800s.People keep looking for new ways to improve concrete.Professor Tikalsky says it is

one of the most complex of all chemical systems.

     The new mixtures designed by his team contain industrial waste products.He says these make the

concrete better able to resist damage from water and salt over time.One of the products is fly ash.This is

released into the air as pollution when coal is burned.

     Professor Tikalsky says particles (颗粒) of fly ash are almost exactly the same size and chemical

structure as Portland cement.This is the most costly material in concrete.So using fly ash to replace some

of it would save money.

     Over the next two years, engineers will study ten bridges in Pennsylvania.These were built from the

different cement mixtures designed by Professor Tikalsky's team.He says longer-lasting bridges could

save the state more than 35 million dollars a year.And he says the materials would be environmentally

friendly.

     The federal government is paying for part of the research.Engineers anywhere can use the technology.

Professor Tikalsky says some of the ideas have already been put to use in China, the Philippines and

other countries.

1. Why did the United Nations launch the campaign?

A. Because the United Nations wanted to reduce road accidents and economic costs.

B. Because two million people were killed in the accidents.

C. Because engineers wanted to design ten new concrete mixtures.

D. Because the United Nations made bridges of the new mixtures which could last for about

     20 to 35 years.

2. What does the underlined word "This" in the sixth paragraph refer to?

A. Fly ash.  

B. Portland cement.

C. Sand.  

D. Chemical.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Ten new concrete bridges have already been built in the United States.

B. A new concrete bridge could last 50 more years than an ordinary concrete one.

C. People didn't know how to build with cement until the late 1800s.

D. Water and salt won't do any damage to bridges over time.

4. What can we conclude from the passage?

A. Engineers have to pay a lot of money to use the new bridge technology.

B. Pennsylvania State University is paying all the money for the research.

C. Bridges built with fly ash are cheaper than common bridges.

D. Fly ash is much more expensive than Portland cement.

5. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The causes of road accidents.

B. The advantages of fly ash.

C. The measures of avoiding road accidents.

D. Latest information about long-life concrete bridges.