问题 问答题 案例分析题

史学界认为,15~18世纪是世界历史的转型时期,这一时期的欧洲与中国在思想领域都发生了一系列变革。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

16、17世纪的中国,时当明中叶以后,封建主义专制主义社会经历一千多年的发展,正在经受前所未有的变动,它不仅表现在经济上产生有别于封建生产关系的资本主义萌芽,还表现在文化上涌现出与正统思想相叛离的因素

——刘志琴:《明清之际文化近代化的萌动与夭折》

材料二

在17世纪取得胜利的科学革命与英国革命一起被称为17世纪的“双元革命”。科学是关于自然现象的系统知识,科学革命一般是指通行的科学理论体系的急剧转变……启蒙运动随之而起。

——杨宁一:《历史学习新视野新知识》

材料三

“我们从两个角度来审视启蒙运动。一方面,启蒙运动的开创者和追随者对他们所继承的那个世界提出了广泛的批判……另一方面,启蒙运动的倡导者试图为更为清晰可靠的理解这些问题奠定充分基础。总之,启蒙运动乃是在批判与创新的大破大立之中展开。”

——《启蒙运动百科全书》

结合材料一和所学知识,判断材料一中的“与正统思想相叛离的因素”指的是什么,试对这股新思想进行分析评价。

答案

参考答案:

因素:明清之际反对封建专制统治的进步思想。

认识:一定程度上反映了资本主义萌芽时期的要求,带有民主色彩,对近代反专制斗争有积极推动作用;吸取了儒学的积极因素,批判其不合理的成分,使传统儒学在新时期焕发了生机;未提出新的社会方案,未突破封建专制主义思想体系。

解析:材料一指出,明中叶以后,封建主义专制主义社会正在经受前所未有的变动:经济上产生资本主义萌芽;文化上涌现出与正统思想相叛离的因素。“与正统思想相叛离的因素”指的是明清之际出现反对封建专制统治的进步思想。第二小问概括明清批判思潮的进步性和局限性。

完形填空

It was the last night of my summer camp. 16 I didn’t want to leave, I had to go back home the next day. I didn’t want to pack (收拾行装). I just wanted to make the night go 17 . How I wished that I could make time 18 at that moment! However, it seemed that time flew more quickly than before. I 19 on the bed, but I wasn’t 20 at all. I just closed my 21 , thinking of every minute I had 22 with my friends during the camp.
Just then, someone 23 the door. “Open the door, please.” said a soft 24 . I thought it was my friend, Elle. So I replied, “It’s open.” Then the door 25. When I looked at the door, I was 26. There stood all my friends, Elle, Lily, Sally and Allie. Together they walked over to my 27 and then each of them gave me a big hug (拥抱). We 28 our phone numbers and e-mail addresses to each other. We said that no matter how far we would be away from each other, we would 29 forget each other.
Just then, a tear slowly rolled down my face. As I looked up, I noticed all of my friends’ eyes were also 30 .   
小题1:
A.UntilB.WhileC.BecauseD.Although
小题2:
A.clearlyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.easily
小题3:
A.flyB.passC.stopD.finish
小题4:
A.satB.layC.stoodD.read
小题5:
A.sleepyB.angryC.excitedD.sad
小题6:
A.doorB.eyesC.booksD.windows
小题7:
A.wastedB.missedC.spentD.chatted
小题8:
A.waited atB.looked atC.cleaned upD.knocked at
小题9:
A.noiseB.soundC.voiceD.cry
小题10:
A.openedB.lockedC.closedD.broke
小题11:
A.afraidB.nervousC.crazyD.surprised
小题12:
A.homeB.bedC.roomD.door
小题13:
A.changedB.forgotC.gaveD.remembered
小题14:
A.everB.neverC.seldomD.often
小题15:
A.wetB.brightC.blackD.open
单项选择题 案例分析题