江苏人在改革开放的大潮中形成了许多可贵的精神，如张家港精神、昆山精神、华西精神等。江苏人发扬这些精神，有力地促进了江苏经济的发展。这体现了 ①文化影响人们的思维方式 ②先进文化源于社会实践 ③意识具有能动作用 ④实践是检验真理的标准
A．①②
B．①③
C．②③
D．②④
答案：C
题目分析：“江苏人在改革开放的大潮中形成了许多可贵的精神”，这句话说明了先进文化源于社会实践；“这些精神，有力地促进了江苏经济的发展”，这句话说明意识对物质具有反作用，①④和材料没有关系，正确答案是C。
点评：考生要能准确的提取有效信息。“改革开放中形成精神”“精神促进了经济的发展”，考生只要知识点理解尚可，都能看出这是物质决定意识，意识对物质具有反作用。
| 阅读理解。 |
| Americans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes. Many people feel that the United States has the worst taxes in the world. Taxes are the money that people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes. Salaried people who earn more than four to five thousand per year must pay a certain part of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies for different people. It depends on the salaries. The federal government has a two level income tax: that is, 15 or 28 percent. $17,850 is the cutoff. The tax rate is 15 percent below $17,850 and 28 percent above. The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, or any of the other fortyeight states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which people buy in the state. Some states use income tax and sales tax to raise their revenues (收入)． The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a house have to pay taxes on it ) and excise (执照) tax, which is collected on vehicles in a city. The cities use this money for education, police, public works, etc. Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often say that the government misuses their tax dollars. They all believe that taxes are too high in this country. |
| 1. How much money does an American earning $40,000 per year pay to the federal government as income tax according to the passage? |
| A．$11,200. B．$6,000. C．$17,850. D．$5,000. |
| 2．What happens to buyers when a sales tax is collected? |
| A．They have to pay more than what the item costs. B．They can pay less than what the item costs. C．They have to pay exactly what the item costs. D．They will all give up buying the item. |
| 3. What tax does an American have to pay to the city if he owns a car? |
| A．Property tax. B. Excise tax. C．Income tax. D. Sales tax. |
| 4．After reading the passage, we might feel that Americans seem to be________. |
| A．satisfied with their taxes B．proud of their taxes C．unhappy about their taxes D．happy about their taxes |
