问题 问答题 简答题

人工呼吸机的使用法的实施过程是什么?

答案

参考答案:

(1)评估:

①核对医嘱及治疗卡。

②患者有无自主呼吸、呼吸型态如何、呼吸道是否通畅。

③患者的生命体征、意识、血气分析等,有无上呼吸机的禁忌证。

④患者及其家属对人工呼吸机的了解程度、心理状态及合作程度。

⑤呼吸机的性能是否良好。电源、电压与呼吸机是否一致。

(2)计划:

1)预期目标

①患者呼吸道能保持通畅,缺氧症状改善。

②患者能维持有效的呼吸,无并发症发生。

2)准备

①护士:衣、帽、鞋、口罩,洗手。

②用物:呼吸机(分为定压型、定容型、混合型)及氧气装置。

③环境:清洁,安静,光线充足,定期空气消毒。

(3)实施:

1)为备齐用物至患者床旁,查对床号、姓名,做好解释。

2)为协助患者仰卧,去枕、头后仰,有义齿者取下;解开领口、领带、腰带等束缚物;清除患者呼吸道分泌物或呕吐物。

3)调节呼吸机各项预置参数,启动机器。

4)使呼吸机与患者呼吸道连接

①面罩连接:将面罩盖住患者口鼻后,与呼吸机连接。

②气管内插管连接:气管内插管后与呼吸机连接。

③气管套管连接:气管切开放置气管套管后与呼吸机连接。

5)观察呼吸机运转情况及病情变化,上呼吸机后严密监测生命体征、皮肤颜色及血气分析结果。

6)根据病情需要不断调节各参数。7)湿化气体,鼓励患者翻身、咳嗽或帮助其排痰。

8)常规痰培养标本送检,做好记录。

9)撤离呼吸机自主呼吸恢复,缺氧症状改善后试停机。向患者做好解释,消除紧张心理,采取间断停机,待患者症状缓解后停机。

10)停机顺序先关呼吸机,再关压缩机和氧气,最后切断电源。

11)清洁患者口鼻,清理用物,消毒备用。

(4)评价:

①患者能适应所选择的辅助呼吸的方法,通气功能良好。呼吸道通畅,缺氧症状改善。

②患者使用呼吸机的过程中能维持有效的呼吸,无并发症发生。

③护士操作熟练,方法正确,呼吸机主要参数的调整准确,能及时排除人工呼吸机使用过程中的故障。

阅读理解

Dear editors (编辑),
I’m a slow (慢的) student in my class. Most of my classmates are much better than me. So I get very stressed out. It’s difficult to keep on working hard and it’s really not fun. And I think although I spend much time studying for the tests, I can’t get good grades. My father gives me some help sometimes. He tells me not to worry about it. But what do you think I should do?
Xia Ming
A reader read the letter from the magazine and here is his answer:
Dear Xia Ming,
Many famous people are not so good at the age like you. Edison, the famous scientist, had a bad headache for his studies when he was a 12-year-old boy. But everyone knows that he did a lot for the people in the world. And Newton had the same story like him. When you are feeling stressed out, just smile (微笑) and take a deep breath (深呼吸), then try your best. You should believe tomorrow is another day.
Thumbelina
小题1:Xia Ming worried about __________.
A. his classmates           B. his life               C. his study      
小题2:Thumbelina gave __________ examples in the letter.
A. one                    B. two                 C. three         
小题3:Thumbelina wrote about those famous people to __________.
A. make Xia Ming feel better
B. make Xia Ming laugh
C. show how much she knows
小题4:Which is NOT true according to the letter?
A. Xia Ming has fun studying at school.
B. Edison is famous in the world.
C. Xia Ming’s father always helps him with his study.
小题5:“Tomorrow is another day” tells us __________.
A. it’s the weekend tomorrow
B. tomorrow is second day
C. there are hopes in our lives
单项选择题