问题 问答题 简答题

患者,女,42岁,教师。

主诉:左上后牙遇甜食及冷热酸痛1个月。

现病史:1个月前吃甜食感到左上后牙酸软,随之遇冷热食物酸痛,尤其是冷水刷牙酸痛最明显,刺激去除后症状立即消失,从无自发痛和夜间痛,未做过任何治疗。

既往史:曾因牙疼拔过牙。否认有全身系统性疾病、传染病及药物过敏史。

检查:35DOB釉质缺损,呈棕黑色,探(+),质软,冷试(+)。

36MO洞呈棕色,质软,探敏感,冷试(+)(图4-2-3)。

35、36均无牙龈红肿,未探及牙周袋,无叩痛,无松动。

46缺失,牙槽黏膜未见明显异常,X线片示无残根(图4-2-4)。

病例分析

1.主诉疾病的诊断和诊断依据。

2.非主诉疾病的诊断和诊断依据。

3.主诉疾病的治疗原则。

4.全口其他疾病的治疗设计。(病例题)

答案

参考答案:

1.诊断

(1)主诉疾病的诊断:

35DOB中龋(或35远中邻面中龋);

36M邻面中龋(或36近中邻面中龋)。

(2)非主诉疾病的诊断:牙列缺损(46缺失)。

2.主诉疾病的诊断依据

(1)35、36遇冷热酸痛,尤其冷刺激酸痛明显,去除刺激症状缓解,无自发痛。(2)35、36形成龋洞。

(3)35、36呈棕黑色。

(4)35、36质软,探敏感,冷试(+)。

3.非主诉疾病的诊断依据

(1)牙疼拔牙史,检查46缺失。

(2)牙槽黏膜未见明显异常,X线片示无残根。

4.主诉疾病的治疗原则35、36充填术(35、36分别去龋,制备Ⅱ类洞单层垫底,永久充填)。

5.全口其他疾病的治疗设计建议46义齿修复。

【病例得分与失分要点】

1.在主诉疾病的诊断方面如果答35、36吻合中龋也是正确的。发生的主要错误是遗漏某一个牙的病变部位或病变类型,仅答龋,忘记答中龋。

2.非主诉疾病的诊断,有的是遗漏46的诊断,有的答46缺失是不准确的,应该答牙列缺损。

3.主诉疾病诊断依据中容易失分的原因,仅答了龋病色、形、质的改变,忘记了探诊阳性,冷试阳性。

4.非主诉疾病诊断依据没答拔牙史或46缺失。

5.此病例分析未提及鉴别诊断,而有的不看题的要求,习惯性的与深龋和慢性牙髓炎鉴别,不但得不上分,反而浪费了时间影响回答后面的题。

6.主诉疾病的治疗原则比较容易得满分,也有少数忘记答单层垫底。

7.全口其他疾病的治疗设计没答建议46的义齿修复。

阅读理解

Tourism wasn’t as important as it is today. In the past, only people with a good deal of money could travel on holidays to other countries. More people travel today than in the past because there is a growing middle class in many parts of the world; that is to say, people now have more money for travel. Special plane fares(费用) for tourists make travel less expensive and more attractive than ever before. One person doesn’t travel for the same reason as another. But most people enjoy seeing countries that are different from their own. They also like to meet new people and to taste new food.

Tourism causes many changes in a country and in people’s lives. People build new hotels and restaurants and train native men and women as guides to show visitors interesting places. There’re new nightclubs and other amusements. International tourism is clearly a big business.

小题1:In the old days _________ could travel to other countries.

A.boys and girls, men or women, young or old

B.either kings or queens

C.both the poor and the rich

D.nobody but those who had money小题2:More people travel today than in the past because______________.

A.people have become interested in traveling

B.traveling today is easier than in the past

C.people now have spare money for travel

D.great changes have taken place in the world小题3: What makes travel more attractive than before?

A.Travel by air to other countries is much cheaper today.

B.More guides are being trained to show beautiful spots.

C.Modern telegraph lines make travel less expensive.

D.New hotels and restaurants have been built.小题4:Which of the following statements is true according to the article?

A.Tourism won’t bring any changes in people’s minds.

B.People have some trouble in making journey.

C.With the development of tourism, great changes have taken place in many parts in the world.

D.Tourism causes only some changes in clothing.

问答题 案例分析题