问题 问答题 简答题

患者,男,67岁,退休。

主诉:左下后牙充填物松动1个月。

现病史:1个月前左下后牙充填物松动,随之出现塞食物,遇冷热无反应。

既往史:6年前曾因牙疼"杀神经"后补牙。

否认有其他全身系统性疾病、传染病及药物过敏史。

检查:37舌面有大面积银汞充填物,边缘不密合。牙冠色暗无光泽,洞缘着色,探针可探入洞缘(图4-5-2)。冷试(-),叩(-)。牙龈黏膜色正常,无窦道。X线片示37冠部阻射物周围有透射区,根管欠填约2mm,根尖均未见明显异常(图4-5-3)。13、14牙颈部缺损达牙本质浅层,色黄、质硬,探(±),冷(-),叩(-)(图4-5-4)。

病例分析

1.主诉疾病的诊断、诊断依据。

2.非主诉疾病的诊断和诊断依据。

3.主诉疾病的治疗原则。

4.全口其他疾病的治疗设计。(病例题)

答案

参考答案:

1.诊断

(1)主诉疾病的诊断:37继发龋(根管治疗后)。

(2)非主诉疾病的诊断:13、14楔形缺损。

2.主诉疾病的诊断依据

(1)37舌面有大面积银汞充填物,边缘不密合。

(2)牙冠色暗无光泽,洞缘着色,探针可探入洞缘。

(3)冷试(-),叩(-)。

(4)牙龈黏膜色正常,无窦道。

(5)X线片示:37冠部阻射物周围有透射区,根管欠填约2mm,根尖未见明显异常。

3.非主诉疾病的诊断依据

(1)13、14牙颈部缺损达牙本质浅层。

(2)色黄、质硬。

(3)探(±),冷(-),叩(-)。

4.主诉疾病的治疗原则37重新充填(37去除充填物和继发龋,垫底充填)。

5.全口其他疾病的治疗设计13、14充填术(13、14备Ⅴ类洞光敏树脂充填)。

【病例得分与失分要点】

1.主诉疾病的诊断方面多数答"充填物松动"、"牙冠变色"或"着色牙"都是错误的。

2.非主诉疾病的诊断有的答牙体缺损、牙本质过敏。答错的原因可能是对这类疾病的概念和临床表现不清楚。

3.主诉疾病的诊断依据,虽然答了银汞充填物边缘不密合,探针可探入洞缘,但不答尖周的检查情况也是不全面的。

4.非主诉疾病的诊断依据中仅答牙颈部缺损达牙本质浅层是不够的,必须要答对牙髓检查的结果,多数认为探(±)就是有牙髓症状。

5.主诉疾病的治疗原则基本都答37重新充填,个别忘记答牙位。

6.全口其他疾病的治疗设计,有的答题过细,如13、14备Ⅴ类洞、酸蚀、冲洗、吹干、涂粘结剂、光照20″、光敏树脂修外形、光照40″、抛光等,导致答题时间不够用。

单项选择题
完形填空

People wear hats for three main reasons: protection, communication, and decoration.

Protection. People first began to wear hats to ___1___ themselves from the climate. In hot, sunny climates, wide-edged hats provide ___2___ from the sun. In cold climates, people often wear wool hats. In some regions, people wear a variety of protective hats, ___3___ the season. They may wear a wool hat in winter, a rain hat in spring or fall, and a wide-edged hat in summer. Hats also provide protection in certain ___4___. Construction workers, football players, military personnel, and people in many other fields wear metal or plastic helmets(头盔)for protection from ___5___.

Communication. Hats can communicate various things about the people who wear them. The hats of coal miners, cowboys and firemen indicate the wearer's ___6___. Students may wear a mortarboard (学位帽) to show they are graduating from high school or college.

Decoration. Most people wear a hat that they believe makes them look attractive, ___7___ the hat's main purpose may be protection or communication. Many protective hats are attractive and stylish. Even the caps of police officers and military personnel are designed to ___8___ the wearer's appearance. Certain decorative hats are worn as a (n) ___9___. In Scotland, for example, people wear a cap called a tam-o'-shanter that is part of their national costume (服装). Many people change their style of hat from time to time because they feel more ___10___ when keeping up with the latest fashion.

1. A. defend     B. protect    C. prevent   D. hide

2. A. shade    B. shadow      C. security    D. cover

3. A. resulting from  B. basing upon  

C. relating to  D. depending on

4. A. seasons      B. climates     C. activities    D. communities

5. A. injury     B. destruction   C. harm   D. pollution

6. A. experience     B. occupation  C. personality  D. education

7. A. as   B. unless   C. though  D. because

8. A. change    B. increase   C. display   D. improve

9. A. tradition  B. label    C. honour     D. fashion

10. A. sociable    B. informal    C. attractive    D. noble