问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成以下题目

我注意到一些评论在概括《大长今》时用的一个概念:“韩国宫廷历史小说”。这种从题材出发的把握存在这样的缺陷:无论是写历史,还是写现实,无论是写革命,还是写烧饭,无论是写爱情,还是写性,都可以写出艺术魅力,也都可以写得很乏味。所以,无论是上世纪五十年代中国文艺理论围绕“重大题材”来讨论文学艺术问题,还是今天又有评论家提出“应该多写底层人民”,在我看来,均没有接触到中国文学艺术过去被工具化 今天被边缘化的原因,也没有接触到中国的文学和影视市场那么容易被“西流” “韩流”侵袭的原因。那就是:如果我们写得“不怎么样”,无论转换“写什么”,还是琢磨创作方法上的“怎么写”,都是没有多少用的。

所以我以为,《大长今》的魅力来自编导将“美丽” “感人” “启迪”融汇在一起的完整美——按照我的文学观,在好看和打动人后面,一定有启迪人的东西,才是真正完整的好作品。因为“启迪”是对“好看”的穿越,那就是“不仅仅好看” “不仅仅感人”,审美的张力和深度就出来了。而这,要靠小说作者 乃至电视剧编导在作品整体立意上的“原创性努力”。

所谓“原创性立意”,在《大长今》中,是指材料可以来自其它国家的文化,但结构和性质已经独有。它可以有儒家“温良”的材料,但性质并不将这种“温良”依附于群体规范和要求,而是做“最好的努力”的创造性自我实现,始终坚持自己的这一信念;它可以有日本式的“内敛”,但并不让这种“内敛”爆发导致对他人的伤害,相反,而是将崔尚宫这样的“罪人”引向面对“最好的人”的自我忏悔;它可以有东方女性的“含蓄”,但这种“含蓄”不是中国女性王琦瑶(《长恨歌》) 林黛玉(《红楼梦》)那样的“忍受”和“软弱”,也不是中国古代诗词中“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的“娇羞”。它可以有现代时尚青年喜欢的“漂亮”和“美丽”,但她既不刻意让他人注意自己的这种美丽,也不在意他人赞美和贬损这种美丽,更让年青的俊男俊女们思考“美丽不是化装的,而是从信念和心灵生长出来的”这个启示性问题,所以流放着的疲惫的长今又怎能不美丽?她可以有中国 日本 台湾电视剧中都有的母子 父子 男女之情,并用母爱打动人,但把最深刻的爱理解为“成全对方做她自己想做的事”,却深深震撼着每一个可能把爱理解为“占有”和“结合”的观众的心灵。这种创造,来自编导对笼罩全剧的韩国民族精神内涵有了不同于中国和日本的东方性理解。即一种默默的 含蓄的 温爱的 坚执的创造性自我努力,是如何在一种不可能的环境中绽放成从根到叶均美丽不败的花朵的。这种“理解”不仅游荡在《大长今》的所有情节和场景中,而且也就是韩国文化精神在今天世界格局中的自我定位,并由此展开和穿透作品内的人物 故事 细节和意境。我想,这才是《大长今》写得“怎么样”的最重要的审美之源。所谓“文学性”和“艺术性”高,原因也就在这里。

(摘自《文汇读书周报·大长今的整体美》,有改动)

小题1:.对文中加点词句的理解不正确的是(     )

“均没有接触到中国文学艺术过去被工具化 今天被边缘化的原因”一句中“工具化”是指过去曾把文学作品当作政治宣传的工具。

“无论转换‘写什么’,还是琢磨创作方法上的‘怎么写’”一句中的“写什么”指的是选择写作的题材,“怎么写”指的是作品的结构安排。

“所谓‘原创性立意’”中的“原创性立意”指的是进行文学艺术创作时,在汲取别国民族文化精华时有独立的理解,注重体现自己独特的民族精神内涵。

“这才是《大长今》写得‘怎么样’的最重要的审美之源”一句中的“怎么样”指的是文学艺术作品是否吸引人,感动人,能否给人启迪。

小题2:.本文对《大长今》的完整美进行了鉴赏,下列说法不符合作者观点的是(   )

作品的魅力在于同时具备了好看 感动人 启迪人的特点。

作品在好看和打动人后面,一定有启迪人的东西,因而就具有了审美的张力与深度。

作品的完整美来源于创作者的“原创性努力”,即选材的新颖与构思上的巧妙。

作品的“文学性”与“艺术性”高,与作品体现和宣扬了一种含蓄 温爱 坚执的韩国文化精神及其在今天世界格局中的自我定位是分不开的。

小题3:.根据文章内容下列推断不合理的一项是( )

优秀文学创作只要考虑“写得怎么样”,而无须考虑“写什么”或者“怎么写”。

信念与心灵是艺术形象的灵魂,是艺术形象美丽的源泉,例如流放的疲惫的大长今 丑陋的撞钟人都因美好的心灵而让读者深爱。

韩国文化是对其他诸如中国 日本东方民族文化的继承与发扬,在很多方面有令人感动的创造性诠释。

中 * * 是东方文化的代表,也曾是大韩民族的老师,如今我们需要向他们学习,发扬光大民族文化,更需要再树民族精神。

答案

小题:.B

小题:.C

小题:.A

小题:. B项“怎么写”指的不仅仅是结构安排,而应是更为广泛的创作方法,故B项说法错误;从文章第一段“上世纪五十年代中国文艺理论围绕‘重大题材’来讨论文学艺术问题”,可以判断A是正确的; C项“原创性立意”的含义在最后一段的开头有比较具体的解说,“材料可以来自其他国家,但结构和性质却是独有的”,然后举例如“温良”等,故C说法是正确的;D项的解释可以在第二段第一句找到依据。)

小题:. C项的理解是错误的,从文章最后一段能看出,“原创性努力”即“原创性立意”,它不仅仅是选材和构思,更重要的是指结合本民族的独特文化来进行创作,故答案C。从第二段开头可以判断A是正确的;B项说法在原文第二段中可找到依据;D在文章最后一段有体现,把握“这才是《大长今》写得“怎么样”的最重要的审美之源”中的“这”的指代意义就能判断。)

小题:.从第一段可以判断,不是说“写什么”“怎么写”不要考虑,而是说如果写得“不怎么样”,即不好看,也不感人,不能给人启迪,那么再研究题材和技巧也是没有用的。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     After Mom died, I began visiting Dad every morning before I went to work. He was frail and moved

slowly, but he always had a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice on the kitchen table for me, along with

an unsigned note reading, "Drink your juice." Such a gesture, I knew, was as far as Dad had ever been

able to go in expressing his love. In fact, I remember, as a kid I had questioned Mom "Why doesn't Dad

love me!" Mom frowned. "Who said he doesn't love you!" "Well, he never tells me," I complained. "He

never tells me either," she said, smiling. "But look how hard he works to take care of us, to buy us food

and clothes, and to pay for this house. That's how your father tells us he loves us."

     I nodded slowly. I understood in my head, but not in my heart. I still wanted my father to put his arms

around me and tell me he loved me. Dad owned and operated a small scrap(片)metal business and after

school I often hung around while he worked. I always hoped he'd ask me to help and then praise me for

what I did. He never asked. His tasks were too dangerous for a young boy to attempt, and Mom was

already worried enough that he'd hurt himself. Dad hand fed scrap steel into a device that chopped it as

cleanly as a butcher chops a rack of ribs. The machine looked like a giant pair of scissors, with blades

thicker than my father's body. If he didn't feed those terrifying blades just right, he risked serious injury.

"Why don't you hire someone to do that for you?" Mom asked Dad one night as she bent over him and

rubbed his aching shoulders with a strong smelling liniment. "Why don't you hire a cook?" Dad asked,

giving her one of his rare smiles.

     Many years later, during my first daily visit, after drinking the juice my father had squeezed for me, I

walked over, hugged him and said, "I love you, Dad." From then on I did this every morning. My father

never told me how he felt about my hugs, and there was never any expression on his face when I gave

them.

1. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. I just couldn't understand my father  

B. My father never loved me

C. Silent fatherly love                

D. My hard-working father

2. The author's father always prepared a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice for him because _______.

A. that was the author's favorite    

B. he was sure the author would be thirsty

C. the author was always complaining

D. that was a gesture of love

3. When the author complained in the first paragraph, his mother __________.

A. tried to comfort him            

B. told him that his father loved him with action

C. tried to defend his father        

D. got a bit angry with him

4. The author's father didn't hire a helper because __________.

A. his job was too dangerous    

B. his job required high skills

C. he wanted to save money        

D. he was not good at communicating with others

5. We may infer from the passage that __________.

A. the author's father lacked a sense of humor

B. the author quite understood his father as time went on

C. the author's father didn't love him very much

D. the author's father was too strict with him

单项选择题