问题 问答题 简答题

试述贫血的定义、分类及其护理要点。

答案

参考答案:

贫血是指单位容积周围血液中血红蛋白浓度、红细胞计数和/或血细胞比容,低于相同年龄、性别和地区正常值底限的一种常见的临床症状。贫血不是一种独立的疾病,各系统疾病均可引起贫血。

(1)根据贫血的病因与发病机制,可将贫血分为:红细胞生成减少性贫血:包括缺乏造血原料及骨髓疾病影响了造血;红细胞破坏过多性贫血:由于过度的红细胞的破坏,体内的代偿能力不足以弥补和维持红细胞生成和破坏之间的平衡;失血性贫血。

(2)根据红细胞形态可分为:大细胞性贫血,如巨幼细胞性贫血;正常细胞性贫血,如再生障碍性贫血、溶血性贫血等;小细胞性贫血,如缺铁性贫血。

贫血的护理要点为:①根据病情指导患者的休息与活动,避免过度疲劳,防跌倒。②给予高蛋白、高维生素、富有营养和易消化的食物,根据病因指导饮食。③观察用药反应和治疗效果,预防出血、感染。

完形填空
完型填空。
       Tom is a middle school student. He is studying in Grade 7. He usually   1   at 7:00 o'clock in the morning. 
  2   today he gets up at 6:30 and goes to buy a big cake. After that he helps his grandparents clean their room,
because it is his   3   birthday. His grandpa is going to be 78 years old. 
       Tom   4   two CDs about Beijing Opera (京剧)   5   his grandpa. He is sure his grandpa would like   6   very
much, because his grandpa likes listening to Beijing Opera.
       When Tom   7   home at noon, his mother is making noodles with grandma. They are laughing and talking
about something happily. His grandpa is drinking tea   8   listening to Beijing Opera.
       Tom says, "Happy birthday to you, grandpa." Then he cuts the big cake and gives grandpa a   9   piece.
Grandpa is very happy and eats it.
       In the evening, Tom watches TV with his grandparents together. He is a little   10   but very happy, because
he can make his grandparents happy.
( ) 1. A. goes to school
( ) 2. A. But           
( ) 3. A. mother's     
( ) 4. A. sees         
( ) 5. A. to          
( ) 6. A. it         
( ) 7. A. gets       
( ) 8. A. or          
( ) 9. A. light      
( ) 10. A. sad         
B. gets up   
B. Because   
B. father's  
B. listens to         
B. for       
B. her       
B. buys       
B. but       
B. bad      
B. tired     
C. watches TV  
C. So            
C. grandpa's
C. watches           
C. with      
C. them     
C. leaves    
C. and       
C. small     
C. worried     
D. goes to bed      
D. Or                 
D. grandma's     
D. buys             
D. at               
D. him              
D. goes to          
D. so               
D. big              
D. excited        
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