浪漫主义的诗
参考答案：
施莱格尔兄弟认为“浪漫主义的诗”必须充分体现“诗歌是最高的真实”这一文学基本性质。在他们看来，文学作品一经完成，“其他种类的诗已经结束了自己的发展，完全听凭于分析了。浪漫主义的诗却仍旧处在形成的过程中；况且它的实质就在于：它将不可能被任何理论彻底阐明，只有眼光敏锐的批评家才能着手描述它的理性”。“不可能被任何理论彻底阐明”，是浪漫主义文学所追求的理想境界，从根本上说，浪漫主义文学的这种理想是与“明晰性”毫不相容的，即使是“眼光敏锐的批评”也不过可以“着手描述”它。更重要的是，施莱格尔兄弟并非把浪漫主义的诗视为文学的一个“种类”，而是认为这代表着整个文学的本质：“它是诗的全部总和，因为任何诗在某种意义上都是而且也应当是浪漫主义的。”这样，西方文论传统中对于“写实的目的”和“道德目的”的要求，便连同“明晰性”一起遭到了否定。
| It looks unlikely that medical science will abolish the process of ageing. But it no longer looks impossible. "In the long run," as John Maynard Keynes observed, "we are all dead." True. But can the short run be elongatedin a way that makes the long run longer And if so, how, and at what cost People have dreamt of immorality since ancient times. Now, with the growth of biological knowledge that has marked the past few decades, a few researchers believe it might be within reach. To think about the question, it is important to understand why organisms — people included —age in the first place. People are like machines, they wear out. That much is obvious. However, a machine can always be repaired. A good mechanic with a stock of spare parts can keep it going indefinitely. Eventually, no part of the original may remain, but it still carries on, like Lincoln’s famous axe that had three new handles and two new blades. The question, of course, is whether the machine is worth repairing. It is here that people and nature disagree. Or, to put it slightly differently, two bits of nature disagree with each other. From the individual’s point of view, survival is an imperative. A fear of death is a sensible evolved response and, since ageing is a sure way of dying, it is no surprise that people want to stop it in its tracks. Moreover, even the appearance of ageing can be harmful. It reduces the range of potential sexual partners who find you attractive and thus, again, curbs your reproduction. The paradox is that the individual’s evolved desire not to age is opposed by another evolutionary force, the disposable soma. The soma is all of a body’s cells apart from the sex cells. The soma’s role is to get those sex cells, and thus the organism’s genes, into the next generation. If the soma is a chicken, then it really is just an egg’s way of making another egg. And if evolutionary logic requires the soma to age and die in order for this to happen, so be it. Which is a pity, for evolutionary logic does, indeed, seem to require that. The argument is this. All organisms are going to die of something eventually. That something may be an accident, a fight, a disease or an encounter with a hungry predator. There is thus a premium on reproducing early rather than conserving resources for a future that may never come. The reason why repairs are not perfect is that they are costly and resources invested in them might be used for reproduction instead. Often, therefore, the body’s mechanics prefer lash-ups to complete rebuilds — or simply do not bother with the job at all. And if that is so, the place to start looking for longer life is in the repair shop. |
For whom does the author probably write this passage
A．( General readers
B．( Health service workers
C．( Medical scientists
D．( Elderly people