问题 问答题 简答题

简述中国经济史及其研究对象、方法与意义。

答案

参考答案:

①经济史研究的对象,主要是一个国家或一个地区某一时期社会生产关系产生、发展的规律和特点,是专门研究社会生产关系的一门学科。把社会生产关系产生、发展和演变的规律作为经济史研究的对象,无疑是正确的。但是,我们也必须从当时社会生产力的发展出发,从当时整个社会生产关系的角度,去研究某一国家或地区社会生产关系产生发展的规律和特点。只有这样的学习和研究,才是科学的、全面的、完整的。

②对于不同的经济史问题,要用不同的方法来研究。中国经济史的研究方法总的来说是历史学的方法与经济学的方法。经济史学研究特定区域、特定时间内人们经济生活演变过程及其规律。故经济史学在时间上是历史的,其内容是经济的。经济史学的这种本质决定了它的研究方法:以揭示经济生活演变过程为主要任务的经济史而言,必须采用经济的历史学方式;以揭示经济生活演变的规律而言,必须采用历史的经济学方法。如果就经济史学研究的根本目的不在于重视经济生活演变过程,而是通过分析这个过程以揭示经济生活演变的规律,而揭示经济规律必须用经济学方法这个角度而言,在经济学方法与历史学方法结合的模式中,经济学方法是其主要的一面。

③第一,理论意义。学习和研究中国经济史,对于我们学习和研究其他学科,是十分重要的。比如中国政治史、中国军事史、中国文化史等。

第二,现实意义。今日中国来源于过去的旧中国。新旧中国既有本质区别,又有密切联系。在进行社会主义建设的今天,学习和研究中国经济史,对于激发我们的爱国热情,提高对社会主义建设的复杂性和艰巨性的认识,其意义是不言自明的。

阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I used to believe in the American dream that meant a job, credit, success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us separately chasing the same thing.

One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell apart.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount.I came upon a deserted cottage in a small remote valley.I hadn't been alone for 25 years.I was scared, but I hoped the hard work would distract and heal me.

I found the owner and rented the place for $50 a month.The locals knew nothing about me.But slowly they started teaching me the art of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets, tools and canned deer meat and began sticking around to chat.They would ask if I wanted to meet cousin Albie or go fishing.They started to teach me a belief in a different American dream, not the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness.Men would stop by with wild berries, ice cream, truck parts to see if I was up for courting.I wasn't, but they were civil anyway.The women on that mountain worked harder than any I'd ever met.They taught me how to store food in the stream and keep it cold and safe.I learned to keep enough for an extra plate for company.

What I had believed in, all those things I thought were necessary for a civilized life, were non-existent in this place.Up on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my relationships with my neighbors.

After four years in that valley, I moved back into town.I saw a lot of people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.With the help of a real estate broker (房地产经纪人) I chatted up at the grocery store, I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.It's four of us now, but over time I've had nine come in and move on to other places from here.We'd all be in shelters if we hadn't banded together.

The American dream I believe in now is a shared one.It's not so much about what I can get for myself; it's about how we can all get by together.

56.Before a series of unhappy events happened, the writer ____.

A.had a well-paid job

B.worked hard for his American dream

C.worked hard and liked to share

D.felt hopeless about his American dream

57.What does the underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refer to?

A.The house.              B.The job.

C.The company.            D.The American dream.

58.What does the underlined sentence "I learned to..." in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A.The writer learned to run a company.

B.The writer learned to share with others.

C.The writer learned to keep enough plates.

D.The writer learned to save money for his company.

59.Why did the writer rent a big house?

A.To make some money.           B.To show off his wealth.

C.To share with those people in need.     D.To make friends with his neighbors.

60.The writer mainly tells us about ____.

A.his unhappy experiences          B.the friendly people in the valley

C.the change of his living conditions           D.his new idea of the American dream

多项选择题