问题 问答题 简答题

试分析比较几种主要的个性理论?

答案

参考答案:

(1)特质论或特性论。这是从人的心理特性来研究人的个性。

(2)心理分析论或心理动力论,这是以弗洛依德及其学生荣格和阿德勒为主要代表的精神分析理论。弗洛依德认为,人的个性是一个整体,在这个整体之内包括着彼此关联,而相互作用的三个部分。这三个部分分别称为本我、自我和超我。由于这三部分的相互作用而产生的内在动力,支配了个人所有行为。

(3)社会学习论,社会学习论的观点与特性论相反,它富强调环境和情况对个人行为和性格起决定作用,认为环境中的事物通过学习成为自己行为的模式,两个人的行为对环境也有一定的影响。社会学习论的核心是认为环境的变动引起人的特殊行为。这对心理诊断有很大贡献,它引导人们认识人类的行动是对特殊环境的反应作用。环境影响人的行为,而人又可以通过改变环境来改变自己的行为。

(4)个性性格类型论。

(5)整体结构论,这是在前苏联心理学界面比较流行的理论,它强调个性的整体性和社会制约性。认为个性是一个总系统,它的内部又分为倾向性、经验、心理特点和生物心理特点这四个分系统。

多项选择题 X型题
单项选择题

Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, (1) some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by (2) photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an underground (3) of fungi(真菌). But in (4) a handful of these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure fungus. To find out how (5) are (6) , mycologist Martin Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were (7) of a common type of fungus, so (8) that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only (9) at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.

Plants have (10) relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, (11) plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have (12) a symbiotic relationship with a (13) network of what are called my corrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest (14) . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and (15) , the plants normally (16) the fungi with sugars, or carbon with a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps (17) that a few cheaters—dubbed epiparasites—would evolve to beat the system. (18) , these plants reversed the flow of carbon, (19) it into their roots from the fungi (20) releasing it as "payment.\

17()

A.essential

B.important

C.possible

D.inevitable