有这样一个故事，牧羊人在自己的羊群前面横放了一根木棍。第一只羊率先跳了过去，接着，第二只、第三只……也会效仿那只领头羊的样子，跟着跳过去。接下来，牧羊人把那根棍子撤走，后面的羊走到这里时，尽管拦路的棍子已经不存在了，它们仍然会像前面的羊一样，向上跳一下才通过。经济学将这种现象称为“羊群效应”。这种现象给企业经营者的启示是（）
①要避免盲从，理性消费
②要利用消费者的从众心理
③要克服盲目决策，跟风投资
④要遵循市场规则
A.①③
B.②④
C.②③
D.①④
参考答案：C
解析：
避免盲从，理性消费是对消费者的消费所提的要求，与题干对企业经营的启示不符，排除①；经济学中存在羊群效应，即跟风现象，这给企业经营者的启示是要善于利用消费者的跟风、从众心理，促进企业发展，②符合题意；同时也启示企业经营过程中，投资不可跟风，要理性选择投资项目，③符合题意；材料未体现④观点；本题答案选C。
考点：企业经营与发展
| Questions 84-90 are based on the following passage. Imagine a society in which cash no longer exists. Instead "cash" is electronic, as in bankcard systems. Currency and coin are abandoned. The immediate benefits would be profound and fundamental. Theft of cash would become impossible. Bank robberies and cash-register robberies would simply cease to occur. Attacks on shopkeepers, taxi drivers, and cashiers would all end. Purse snatchings would become a thing of the past. Urban streets would become safer. Retail shops in once-dangerous areas could operate in safety. Security costs and insurance rates would fall. Property values would rise. Neighborhoods would improve. Drug traffickers and their clients, burglars and receivers of stolen property, arsonists for hire, and bribe-takers would no longer have the advantage of using untraceable currency. Electronic "money" would leave incriminating wails of data, resulting in more arrests and convictions. These prosecutions, in turn, would inhibit further crimes. The impact of the monetary change on underground economies would be nearly as dramatic as the effect on crime. In the United States, the underground economy is estimated at between 10% and 28% of the gross national product. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) researches suggest that almost all hidden labor is paid in currency. In a society devoid of physical money, a change from cash to recorded electronic money would be accompanied by a flow of previously unpaid income-tax revenues running in the tens of billions of dollars. As a result, income-tax rates could be lowered and the national debt reduced. Cash has been the root of much social and economic evil. The emergence of electronic funds-transfer technology makes it possible to change the nature of money and to divorce it from evil. Eighty percent of Americans regularly use credit cards. The development of a federal system to handle the country’ s 300 billion annual cash transactions in the United States electronically is within reach. A national electronic-money system would operate as debit-card system. Each individual’s "money" would be held in his money-system account. A transaction would effect an instant transfer of "money" from his account to that of another account holder. The principal differences between a national electronic-money system and commercial bank-card systems would be: the money system would be federally operated; payment would constitute "legal tender"; system-account holders would be able to receive as well as pay out funds by use of their accounts; and funds would be transferable between private-account holders as well as between merchants and private-account holders. Only cash would be supplanted by electronic money. The use of checks, drafts, money orders, traveler’s checks, cashier’s checks, as well as letters of credit, acceptances, and other financial instruments would remain in regular use. Credit card and automatic-teller-machine systems (ATMs) would not necessarily change, although you could no longer obtain cash at ATMs. |
"Hidden labor" in this passage refers to labor that is paid in ______.
A．electronic money
B．money that is hard to count
C．after-tax money
D．money that is untaxed