问题 问答题 简答题

试述如何利用医院感染监测资料。

答案

参考答案:

利用医院感染监测资料可进行下列工作:

(1)监测医院感染流行状况:通过医院感染病例监测资料观察是否存在医院感染的暴发流行和聚集性发生,对医院感染流行趋势进行预测。如果存在医院感染的暴发流行和聚集性发生,应及时分析原因,采取有效措施,及时制止。

(2)评价医院感染控制措施的效果:当根据医院感染监测资料采取某些控制措施后,应继续利用监测资料评价控制措施是否有效,有多大的效果。一般认为,若监测数据可靠,则能使医院感染率下降。通过监测资料可以评价改进某些消毒措施、改进管理措施、改进洗手设施与方法后对医院感染发病率的影响。

(3)研究医院感染的危险因素:监测资料可以发现和评价医院感染的危险因素,如侵入性诊疗操作、放射治疗和化学治疗、免疫抑制剂、抗菌药物等对医院感染发生发展的影响。如有人通过监测,发现医院内难辨梭状芽孢肠炎的发生与广谱抗菌药物特别是与林可霉素使用有关,加强抗菌药物的管理即可降低该类肠炎的发生。如发现手术切口感染与手的清洗消毒不好有关,通过加强洗手管理、改进洗手设施可以降低切口感染率。

(4)作为医务人员医院感染知识培训的资料:利用监测资料对医务人员进行培训,让其了解本院医院感染的现状、主要危险因素、需要各自参与的控制措施,甚至包括医院感染造成的经济负担等。

(5)参加监测网络机构:为局部地区或全国的感染监测资料的积累、分析增加资料,推动局部地区或全国的感染控制工作。

完形填空
完形填空。
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