问题 填空题 案例分析题

葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT4)是位于细胞膜上的葡萄糖载体,下图为胰岛素作用机理示意图。请据图分析并回答下列问题:

某人因体内含有①的抗体而表现出高血糖症。给其注射胰岛素,能否有效调节血糖水平?请判断并分析原因:()

答案

参考答案:不能,胰岛素无法(难以)与受体结合

解析:

(1)结构①与细胞膜的识别有关,化学成分是糖蛋白。②是葡萄糖转化为非糖物质。

(2)囊泡是高尔基体产生的。

(3)胰岛素和①结合后,一方面通过促进囊泡的转运使膜上GLUT4数量增加,促进了细胞对葡萄糖的摄取。同时通过调节酶的活性,促进葡萄糖的利用。

(4)胰岛素是由胰岛B细胞分泌的。当血糖浓度升高时,胰岛素分泌增加,血糖浓度降低时,胰岛素分泌减少。

(5)抗体能攻击受体,使胰岛素不能和受体结合,注射胰岛素不起作用。

考点:本题考查细胞结构和血糖调节的知识。意在考查能理解所学知识的要点,把握知识间的内在联系,能运用所学知识与观点,通过比较、分析与综合等方法对某些生物学问题进行解释、推理,做出合理的判断或得出正确的结论的能力。

阅读理解

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We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? “And Paul, why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends—or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog, "and that's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little, what he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

66. This passage is mainly about ______.

A. how to interpret what people say

B. what to do when you listen to others talking

C. why we go wrong with people and how to avoid these mistakes

D. why we go wrong with people sometimes

67. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that       .

A. we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

C. people usually state one thing but mean another

D. we tend to doubt what our friends say

68. The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to______.

A. being friendly               B. a bit of envy

C. lucky dog         D. your luck

69. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is     __.

A. notice the way the person is talking

B. take a good look at the person talking

C. mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D. examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture

70. The author is most probably a ______.

A. teacher   B. psychologist    C. philosopher    D. doctor

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